Aloe vera is a widely recognized plant, known for its topical and internal benefits. The Aloe genus includes diverse species; not all are suitable for human consumption. Some varieties are cultivated for their soothing gel, while others are ornamental and contain compounds that can be irritating or harmful if ingested.
What Non-Edible Aloe Means
Edible and non-edible aloe species differ in their biological and chemical compositions. Aloe barbadensis miller, commonly known as Aloe vera, is the species used for its gel, often consumed or applied topically. Other Aloe species contain varying concentrations of compounds like anthraquinones and saponins.
Anthraquinones, in particular, are responsible for the laxative effects associated with the whole leaf extract of some aloe plants. While present in Aloe barbadensis miller’s latex layer, their higher concentration in other Aloe species can render them unpalatable or toxic for internal use. “Non-edible” signifies that a plant is unsuitable for consumption due to potential toxicity or unpleasant effects.
Common Non-Edible Aloe Types
Several Aloe species are grown for aesthetic appeal and are non-edible.
Aloe arborescens, often called Candelabra Aloe or Torch Aloe, is a shrub-like succulent up to 5 meters tall. It features multiple rosettes of green leaves with small spikes along the edges and produces striking red to orange flowers, making it a popular choice for hedges and landscaping.
Aloe ferox, known as Bitter Aloe, is a tall, single-stemmed aloe up to 10 feet tall with thick, fleshy leaves and reddish-brown spines. While its sap has been traditionally used as a purgative, it is not meant for general consumption.
Aloe striata, or Coral Aloe, is a stemless succulent with smooth, blue-green leaves often tinged pink or red at the margins and without teeth, producing orange-red, tubular flowers. Valued in gardens for its unique coloration and ease of cultivation.
Aloe maculata, also known as Soap Aloe or Zebra Aloe, has lance-shaped leaves with distinctive “H-shaped” spots (red to green) and bright red to yellow flowers. The sap of Aloe maculata can create a soapy lather, hence its common name, but its seeds are considered poisonous.
Safety and Toxicity Concerns
Ingesting non-edible aloe species can cause adverse reactions due to compounds like anthraquinones and aloin. Symptoms include gastrointestinal upset, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Skin irritation or rash may occur, and in rare cases, more severe reactions like throat swelling or breathing difficulties.
While not highly poisonous, accidental ingestion may cause significant discomfort. The bitter latex, a yellowish substance beneath the plant’s skin, contains these harmful compounds. Keep non-edible aloe plants out of reach of children and pets, as accidental ingestion can lead to these symptoms. If accidental ingestion occurs, contact a local poison control center or seek medical help immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a healthcare provider.
Caring for Your Non-Edible Aloe
Non-edible aloe species, grown for ornamental value, require similar care to other succulents. They thrive in bright, indirect sunlight, though some tolerate full sun if introduced gradually to prevent scorching. Indoors, a west or south-facing window is ideal, but avoid direct, intense sunlight through glass. Pale or yellowing leaves indicate too much direct sun, while leggy growth suggests insufficient light.
Watering should be deep but infrequent, allowing the soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot, a common issue for succulents. During winter months, watering should be significantly reduced as the plants enter a dormant period. A well-draining potting mix (e.g., succulent or cactus blend) is ideal, preferably in a pot with drainage holes. Temperatures between 55 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit are suitable.
Non-edible aloes propagate through offsets, also known as “pups,” which are small plants growing from the parent’s base. These can be carefully removed and allowed to callus for a few days before being planted in their own pots.