Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) is a common screening test offered during pregnancy. The results provide important information about the developing baby’s health. The waiting period for results can be a source of stress.
What is NIPT?
NIPT is a blood test performed during pregnancy that analyzes small fragments of fetal DNA (cfDNA) circulating in the mother’s bloodstream. These DNA fragments originate from the placenta. The test screens for common chromosomal conditions such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18), and Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13). It can also screen for sex chromosome aneuploidies.
NIPT is a screening test, not a diagnostic one. It assesses the likelihood or risk of a condition being present, but it does not provide a definitive diagnosis. The test is performed after 10 weeks of pregnancy when there is sufficient fetal DNA in the mother’s blood.
How Long Do NIPT Results Typically Take?
The typical turnaround time for NIPT results generally ranges from 7 to 14 calendar days. Some laboratories may process results within 3 to 5 business days, while others might take up to two weeks. This timeframe includes the time for the sample to reach the laboratory, undergo analysis, and for the results to be communicated back to the healthcare provider.
Factors Affecting NIPT Result Time
Several factors can influence how long it takes to receive NIPT results. Laboratory processing speed varies among different facilities. Holidays and weekends can extend the processing time, as labs may operate with reduced staff or have closures.
The quality and quantity of the blood sample also play a significant role. If the initial blood sample does not contain enough fetal DNA (low fetal fraction), the lab might request a redraw. This can occur if the test is performed too early in pregnancy, or due to biological factors like higher maternal weight. A redraw significantly delays results because the entire processing cycle must be repeated. Logistics, such as the time it takes for the sample to be shipped from the collection site to the testing laboratory, can also add to the overall waiting period.
Understanding Your NIPT Results and Next Steps
NIPT results are typically delivered by your healthcare provider, often during a follow-up appointment or over the phone. The results will indicate whether your baby has a “low risk” (negative) or “high risk” (positive) for the chromosomal conditions screened. A low-risk result suggests a reduced likelihood of the conditions tested.
A high-risk NIPT result does not mean the baby definitely has the condition; rather, it indicates an increased probability. In such cases, your healthcare provider will recommend further diagnostic testing to confirm the NIPT findings. These diagnostic tests, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis, involve analyzing fetal cells directly and provide a definitive answer. Your healthcare provider or a genetic counselor can help interpret the results and discuss all available options.