When parents discover a red spot on their newborn’s eye, it can understandably cause alarm. This common occurrence, known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, often appears shortly after birth. Understanding this condition can help alleviate parental concerns and provide clarity on what to expect for their infant.
Understanding Newborn Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
A subconjunctival hemorrhage in a newborn is a bright red patch on the white part of the eye (sclera). This mark results from tiny blood vessels rupturing beneath the conjunctiva, a clear, thin membrane covering the sclera. While its appearance can be startling, this condition is harmless and does not cause pain or discomfort for the baby.
Why Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Occurs in Newborns
The primary reason subconjunctival hemorrhages appear in newborns relates to the immense pressure experienced during childbirth. As the baby navigates the birth canal, strong uterine contractions and the general stress of delivery can exert significant pressure on their delicate body. This sudden increase in pressure can cause tiny, fragile blood vessels in the eye to rupture. Vaginal deliveries, in particular, have a higher incidence, with up to 46.3% of vaginally delivered babies experiencing this condition.
Assisted delivery methods, such as forceps or vacuum extraction, can also contribute to these hemorrhages due to additional pressure. This condition is a common consequence of the birthing process, not a sign of serious eye injury or an underlying medical condition.
When to Consult a Doctor
While subconjunctival hemorrhages are usually benign, medical advice is warranted in certain situations. Parents should contact their pediatrician if the red spot increases significantly in size after the first 24 hours post-birth or spreads to other parts of the eye. Any signs of discomfort, such as excessive eye rubbing or visible discharge, warrant evaluation. Consult a doctor if the red spot is accompanied by other unusual symptoms, such as extensive bruising or a fever. Even without alarming symptoms, a parent’s concern is valid, and a pediatrician can provide reassurance and confirm the diagnosis.
Recovery and Long-Term Outlook
A newborn subconjunctival hemorrhage resolves on its own without treatment. The body naturally reabsorbs the trapped blood over time, much like a bruise fading. The red spot will gradually lighten and may change color, often turning yellowish as it heals, which is a normal part of the process and not a sign of infection. This fading occurs in about two to three weeks, though some may take slightly longer. There are no long-term effects on the baby’s vision or overall eye health.