Guinea pig pups arrive in the world remarkably developed, a characteristic known as precociality. They are born with a full coat of fur, their eyes open, and the ability to move around shortly after birth. These tiny creatures, often weighing between 70 to 115 grams, possess teeth and claws from day one, allowing them to begin exploring their surroundings and even nibbling on solid foods within hours.
Immediate Post-Birth Care
The initial hours and days following birth are delicate for newborn guinea pigs and their mother. Owners should observe the mother’s behavior, ensuring she actively cleans and attends to her pups. Minimize human interference during this time to allow for proper bonding and reduce stress on the new family.
Pups should appear active, warm, and attempt to nurse. While some may be wobbly, most should be mobile soon after birth. Check for concerns like stillborn pups or those that appear lethargic, cold, or have shrunken bellies. If a pup seems weak, gentle encouragement or assistance in finding a nipple may be necessary, but avoid excessive handling. Pups have enough reserves until the mother’s milk production begins, which can take up to 12 hours.
Feeding Newborns
Mother’s milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborn guinea pigs during their first few weeks. Pups nurse frequently, though mothers feed them only a few times daily. Despite relying on milk, pups can nibble on solid foods within 24 hours of birth. They will mimic their mother’s eating habits, gradually supplementing their diet with hay, pellets, and small amounts of fresh vegetables.
Provide unlimited access to high-quality timothy or oaten hay for both the mother and pups. Alfalfa hay is also beneficial for young, growing guinea pigs due to its higher nutrient and calcium content. Fresh, clean water should always be available in a shallow dish to prevent accidental drowning. Hand-feeding orphaned or rejected pups with a specialized guinea pig milk replacer is challenging and should only be considered if the mother cannot or will not nurse, and only after consulting a veterinarian.
Housing and Weaning
A spacious, escape-proof housing environment, kept at 22-25 degrees Celsius, is suitable for a mother guinea pig and her newborns. Adequate bedding and multiple hideouts help the family feel secure. Pups benefit from the presence of an adult guinea pig to learn social behaviors and foraging skills.
Weaning is a gradual process where pups become increasingly independent eaters. This transition begins around two weeks of age as they shift to consuming mostly solid food. Pups are ready for separation from their mother and littermates between 3 to 4 weeks of age, or once they reach a weight of at least 150 grams. Separate male pups from their mother and female littermates by three to four weeks of age to prevent early pregnancies, as males can reach sexual maturity quickly.
Growth Milestones and Health
Newborn guinea pigs grow rapidly during their first weeks and months. Pups should gain between 3 to 4 grams per day after their first two days of life. Regular weight checks monitor their growth and overall health, as sudden weight loss can indicate illness or insufficient milk intake. By 16 weeks, pups typically reach lengths of 20-25 cm and weigh around 360-480 grams.
Young guinea pigs are susceptible to health issues, including respiratory infections and digestive problems. As guinea pigs cannot produce their own Vitamin C, they require a diet rich in this nutrient to prevent conditions like scurvy. Observe pups for signs of lethargy, decreased appetite, or changes in their droppings. Any concerns about a newborn’s health or development should prompt a consultation with a veterinarian experienced in guinea pig care.