Mycoplasma Genitalium is a bacterium that can cause a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This bacterium infects the mucous epithelial cells in the human urinary and genital tracts. It was first identified in the urogenital tract in 1981 and formally recognized as a new species in 1983. This article details how Mycoplasma Genitalium is transmitted.
How Mycoplasma Genitalium Spreads
Mycoplasma Genitalium primarily spreads through sexual contact. This bacterial infection can be passed on during unprotected vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner. Some studies suggest it is as easily transmissible as chlamydia.
Transmission can also occur through oral sex. Even without full vaginal or anal penetration, sexual touching or rubbing can lead to transmission. The bacteria can be passed on if infected fluids are present on fingers or shared sex toys.
Mycoplasma Genitalium can be transmitted even when an infected person shows no visible symptoms. Many individuals with this infection are asymptomatic, meaning they can unknowingly pass the bacteria to others. This asymptomatic transmission contributes to its spread among sexually active individuals. The infection can be transmitted between individuals of any gender.
Beyond Sexual Contact: Other Transmission Considerations
Beyond sexual contact, other transmission scenarios exist. Mother-to-child, or perinatal, transmission during childbirth is a possibility, though it is considered rare compared to sexual transmission. Research is ongoing to understand the potential for this type of transmission.
Mycoplasma Genitalium is not spread through casual contact. Common misconceptions include transmission through sharing towels or clothes, using public toilets, or being in swimming pools or hot tubs.
The bacteria also do not spread through kissing, unless direct genital contact is involved, or by sharing food or drinks. Mycoplasma Genitalium cannot survive for extended periods outside the human body, which is why these casual contacts do not lead to infection.
Reducing the Risk of Transmission
Reducing the risk of Mycoplasma Genitalium transmission involves several steps. Consistent and correct use of condoms during all sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, is an effective preventative measure. Condoms create a barrier that helps prevent the exchange of bodily fluids that can carry the bacteria.
Regular STI testing is recommended, particularly for sexually active individuals or those with new partners. Early detection allows for prompt treatment, which prevents further spread and potential complications. Open communication with sexual partners about STI status and testing is a helpful strategy.
If diagnosed with Mycoplasma Genitalium, seek prompt treatment with antibiotics and ensure all sexual partners are also tested and treated. This approach helps prevent re-infection and limits the wider spread of the bacteria. Reducing the number of sexual partners can also generally lower the risk of acquiring any STI, including Mycoplasma Genitalium.