“Green nail” refers to a discoloration that can appear on your natural nails after wearing artificial nail enhancements. While it can look alarming, it is typically a treatable condition. Understanding its cause is the first step toward effective management and prevention. This article explains what leads to green nails and provides guidance on how to address and avoid this issue.
What Causes Green Nail Discoloration
The green discoloration on nails, often called “Green Nail Syndrome” or “chloronychia,” is primarily caused by a bacterial infection. The bacterium responsible is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, commonly found in water, soil, and on human skin. This bacterium thrives in moist environments and produces blue-green pigments, pyocyanin and pyoverdin, that stain the nail plate.
This green discoloration is not caused by mold or fungus, a common misconception. While fungi can infect nails, they typically cause yellow, thick, and brittle nails, not the distinct green hue seen with Pseudomonas infections. The bright green color indicates bacteria are the underlying cause.
Why Fake Nails Create This Environment
Artificial nails, including acrylics, gels, and press-ons, create an ideal breeding ground for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When moisture becomes trapped between the natural nail and the artificial enhancement, it forms a warm, dark, and damp space where bacteria can proliferate. This trapped moisture can come from everyday activities like handwashing, showering, or swimming if the seal between the natural and fake nail is compromised.
Small gaps, lifting, or cracks in the artificial nail provide easy entry points for water and bacteria. Poor nail preparation before application, such as not thoroughly cleaning and drying the natural nail, can also introduce bacteria and seal them in. If tools used during application are not properly sanitized, bacteria can be transferred to the nail bed, leading to infection.
Treatment and Management
Addressing green nail discoloration involves removing the artificial nail and ensuring the affected area remains dry. Once the fake nail is off, keep the natural nail exposed to air to inhibit bacterial growth, as Pseudomonas thrives in moist conditions. Gently clean the nail with mild soap and water.
For mild cases, antiseptic solutions can be beneficial. Soaking the affected nail in a diluted white vinegar solution (one part white vinegar to four to ten parts water) for about 10 minutes, twice daily, can help kill the bacteria. Rubbing alcohol can also disinfect the nail. Dry the nail thoroughly after any soaking. Avoid applying nail polish or other enhancements until the green discoloration has grown out and the nail appears healthy.
Seek professional medical attention if the discoloration spreads, causes pain, swelling, pus, or doesn’t improve with home care. A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the issue and may prescribe topical antibacterial agents, such as ciprofloxacin drops, for more persistent cases. Never attempt to scrape off the green stain, as this can damage the nail bed and potentially worsen the condition.
Preventing Future Occurrences
Preventing green nail discoloration involves careful practices during and after artificial nail application. Ensure your natural nails are completely clean and thoroughly dry before applying any fake nails. Proper dehydration of the nail plate helps create a strong bond and reduces the chance of moisture becoming trapped.
Selecting high-quality artificial nails that fit well and create a tight seal without gaps is important. A precise fit minimizes spaces where water and bacteria can accumulate. Regularly maintaining artificial nails, including prompt fills and addressing any lifting or cracks, helps preserve this seal.
Minimize prolonged exposure to water by wearing waterproof gloves for tasks like dishwashing or cleaning. Consider taking breaks from artificial nails periodically to allow your natural nails to breathe and recover. Practicing good overall hand and nail hygiene, such as regular cleaning and moisturizing, further supports nail health.