Eczema, a common inflammatory skin condition, often causes concern when it appears to be “spreading.” Characterized by dry, itchy patches that can become red and inflamed, eczema is not contagious. It cannot be caught from another person through direct or indirect contact.
Understanding Eczema’s Appearance
Eczema does not “spread” like an infection. What appears as spreading often involves new patches developing, existing patches enlarging, or other skin irritations mistaken for eczema. During a flare-up, symptoms can worsen and appear in new locations, including intensely dry, itchy, discolored, or crusty areas. These new or enlarged patches are part of the individual’s ongoing condition.
Factors Contributing to Worsening Eczema
Several factors can contribute to eczema worsening or appearing in new areas. Environmental triggers include allergens like pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. Irritants such as harsh soaps, detergents, certain fabrics, and some skincare products can also cause flare-ups. Changes in weather, like low humidity or heat causing sweating, can dry out skin or intensify itching, worsening eczema.
Internal factors also influence eczema activity. Stress and anxiety are known triggers, as the body releases cortisol, which can interfere with the immune system and lead to skin inflammation. Hormonal fluctuations can also exacerbate symptoms. Certain foods, if identified as personal triggers, can contribute to flare-ups for some individuals.
Secondary infections can worsen eczema and give the appearance of spreading. A compromised skin barrier makes it susceptible to bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Common infections, like bacterial or viral types, can lead to increased redness, weeping, crusting, and pus-filled blisters. Some viral infections, such as eczema herpeticum, cause painful, fluid-filled blisters that spread rapidly.
The itch-scratch cycle also contributes to worsening eczema. Intense itching prompts scratching, which damages the skin barrier and releases inflammatory mediators, perpetuating the cycle. Repeated scratching can cause the skin to thicken, become more inflamed, and break open, increasing infection risk.
When Professional Help is Needed
Consult a healthcare professional if eczema symptoms worsen rapidly. Signs of infection, such as pus, yellow crusts, blistering, increased redness, warmth, pain, or fever, warrant immediate medical attention. Eczema affecting sensitive areas like the face, eyes, or genitals also indicates a need for professional evaluation.
Severe itching that disrupts sleep or daily activities is another reason to seek medical advice. If over-the-counter remedies fail to provide relief after about a week, or if new symptoms emerge, a doctor can provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early intervention can improve physical symptoms and alleviate the emotional toll eczema can take.
Managing Eczema Flare-Ups
Managing eczema flare-ups involves consistent daily care to support the skin barrier. Regular moisturizing is recommended, especially after bathing, to seal in moisture and reduce dryness. Fragrance-free and hypoallergenic moisturizers are often beneficial. Use gentle skincare products, avoiding harsh soaps or strong chemicals that strip natural oils and worsen irritation. Pat skin dry after washing to prevent irritation.
Identifying and avoiding personal triggers is key to managing eczema. Keep a journal to track triggers like fabrics, detergents, or environmental factors. For itch relief, apply cool compresses. Wet wrap therapy, applying damp dressings over moisturizers, can also soothe skin.
Stress management techniques can reduce flare-ups, as stress exacerbates eczema symptoms. Practices like deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or gentle physical activity can lower stress levels and improve overall well-being.