What is an MFM Ultrasound?
A Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM) ultrasound is a specialized diagnostic imaging procedure performed during pregnancy. It provides a more comprehensive and detailed evaluation of both the developing fetus and the pregnant individual’s health compared to a routine obstetric ultrasound. MFM specialists, also known as perinatologists, are obstetricians and gynecologists who have completed additional years of training specifically in managing high-risk pregnancies and complex fetal conditions.
The distinction of an MFM ultrasound lies in its advanced technology and the expertise of the professionals involved. MFM centers typically utilize state-of-the-art ultrasound equipment with higher resolution capabilities, enabling a more detailed visualization of fetal anatomy. Perinatal sonographers, who have specialized certifications, conduct these scans, focusing on minute details that might not be visible during a standard scan.
When a Specialized Ultrasound is Recommended
A specialized MFM ultrasound is often recommended when there are specific concerns or factors that classify a pregnancy as high-risk. One common reason for referral includes advanced maternal age, over 35 years old at the time of delivery. Pre-existing maternal health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, or autoimmune disorders, also frequently warrant an MFM evaluation to ensure careful monitoring throughout pregnancy.
Referrals are also made if initial routine ultrasounds reveal abnormal findings or raise suspicions about fetal development. This can include concerns regarding fetal growth restrictions or the detection of potential structural anomalies in organs like the heart, brain, or kidneys. Additionally, individuals carrying multiple pregnancies are routinely referred for MFM ultrasounds. A history of previous pregnancy complications, like preterm birth or stillbirth, also prompts a referral to an MFM specialist for closer observation and management.
Preparing and What Happens During the Scan
Preparing for an MFM ultrasound involves a few steps. Wearing comfortable, two-piece clothing is suggested, as the scan is performed on the bare abdomen. While a full bladder might be requested for early pregnancy ultrasounds, it is generally not required for detailed MFM scans later in pregnancy; some facilities even recommend eating normally before the appointment. Bring any relevant medical records, prior ultrasound reports, or a list of questions.
During the scan, you will lie on an examination table, and a sonographer will apply a warm gel to your abdomen. This gel helps the ultrasound transducer glide smoothly over the skin and transmit sound waves, creating images of the fetus on a monitor. These detailed scans can take longer than routine ultrasounds, often lasting between 60 to 90 minutes for a single pregnancy, and potentially longer for multiple gestations. The sonographer will capture images and measurements of various fetal structures, including the brain, heart, spine, and limbs, and assess blood flow, amniotic fluid levels, and placental position. An MFM physician may also enter the room to review specific findings or perform parts of the scan themselves.
Understanding the Results and Follow-Up
Following your MFM ultrasound, the communication of results can vary, though often an MFM physician will discuss the preliminary findings with you directly after the scan. In some cases, the sonographer will complete the imaging, and the MFM specialist will then review the images and findings before communicating with you or your referring physician. The MFM team will provide a comprehensive report to your primary obstetrician.
The outcomes of an MFM ultrasound can range from reassurance that everything appears typical to the identification of findings requiring further steps. If concerns are noted, the MFM team will discuss potential next steps, which could include additional monitoring through follow-up ultrasounds, genetic testing like amniocentesis, or specialized imaging such as a fetal echocardiogram. They will provide guidance and may coordinate consultations with other specialists, such as pediatric cardiologists or genetic counselors.