Mexican Anise, known by several names including Mexican Mint Marigold and Mexican Tarragon, is a distinctive perennial herb. Celebrated for its unique flavor and aroma, it is a noteworthy addition to gardens and culinary pursuits alike.
Botanical Profile and Identification
Mexican Anise, scientifically classified as Tagetes lucida, belongs to the Asteraceae family, which also includes sunflowers and marigolds. This herbaceous perennial typically grows between 18 to 30 inches (45–75 cm) tall, though some varieties can reach up to 3 feet. It features shiny, medium-green leaves that are linear to oblong, often around 3 inches (7.5 cm) long. In late summer and fall, the plant produces clusters of small, golden-yellow flower heads, each about half an inch across with three to five ray florets.
This plant is native to Mexico and Central America, where it thrives in hilly and woodland environments. While its common names suggest a connection to “anise,” it is botanically distinct from both true anise (Pimpinella anisum) and star anise (Illicium verum). True anise is an annual herb in the parsley family (Apiaceae), and star anise comes from an evergreen tree (Illicium verum) native to China and Vietnam. Despite the similar licorice-like flavor notes, attributed to compounds like anethole, Tagetes lucida is not closely related. Another plant, Illicium mexicanum, is also sometimes called Mexican Anise, but it is an ornamental evergreen shrub, emphasizing the importance of scientific names.
Growing Mexican Anise
This plant prefers locations with full sun to light shade, and performs best in well-drained conditions. Consistent moisture is beneficial, though the soil should be allowed to dry slightly between waterings to prevent root issues.
Mexican Anise is generally considered a perennial in USDA hardiness zones 8 through 11. In colder climates, it is typically grown as an annual, as it is not cold hardy below 28°F (-2.2°C). Propagation can be achieved through seeds, sown directly into the garden after the last frost, or by taking stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from healthy, non-flowering stems and placed in a well-draining medium, with consistent humidity to encourage rooting within a few weeks.
Culinary Applications
Mexican Anise offers a distinctive flavor profile that combines notes of licorice with a hint of tarragon, making it a versatile herb in the kitchen. Its aromatic leaves can be used fresh or dried to flavor dishes. It serves as an excellent substitute for French tarragon, particularly in regions where tarragon can be challenging to grow.
The fresh or dried leaves are commonly incorporated into soups and sauces, adding flavor. An anise-flavored tea can also be brewed from the dried leaves and flower heads for a warm, aromatic beverage. Historically, the Aztecs utilized Tagetes lucida as an ingredient in their traditional chocolatl drink, contributing a spicy element. The small, golden-yellow flowers are edible and can be used to garnish salads, adding color and flavor.
Traditional Uses and Important Safety Considerations
Historically, Mexican Anise has been valued for its ethnobotanical applications, particularly by indigenous cultures in Mexico. The Aztecs used it in ritual incense, known as Yauhtli, and it was associated with the rain god Tlāloc. In traditional practices, a tea made from the plant is still used in Mexico and Central America to address common ailments such as the common cold, intestinal gas, and diarrhea.
While Mexican Anise has traditional uses, it is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Contact with the plant’s sap may cause skin irritation, and consuming large quantities can be harmful. It is crucial not to confuse Tagetes lucida with true anise (Pimpinella anisum) or star anise (Illicium verum), as they have distinct chemical compositions and safety profiles. True anise and star anise contain anethole, which can have estrogen-like effects and potential interactions with certain medications. Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) is particularly toxic and should never be consumed. Always exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional before using any plant for medicinal purposes.