Discovering breast lumps while breastfeeding is common. While unsettling, these lumps are often benign and related to milk production. Understanding the types of lumps that can develop can help alleviate concern and guide decisions about when to seek medical advice.
Common Types of Lumps
A clogged or plugged milk duct is a common lump during breastfeeding. This occurs when milk flow becomes obstructed within a milk duct, leading to a tender and sometimes painful lump. It may be accompanied by a small white blister on the nipple. The affected area might also feel warm, and milk flow from that breast can be reduced.
Engorgement is another frequent cause of breast lumps, particularly in the early days of breastfeeding or when feeds are missed. This condition involves the breasts becoming overly full, leading to generalized hardness, tightness, and pain. Engorgement can make the skin appear shiny, and nipples may become flat, potentially making latching difficult for the baby. While it typically affects both breasts, distinct lumpy areas can be felt within the overall fullness.
Mastitis refers to inflammation of the breast tissue, which may or may not involve an infection. It often develops from an untreated clogged duct or severe engorgement. Symptoms can appear rapidly and include a painful, warm, and red lump or thickened area in the breast, sometimes with a wedge-shaped pattern of redness. This condition often presents with flu-like symptoms.
A galactocele, also known as a milk cyst, is a benign, milk-filled cyst that can form in the breast. These cysts are typically smooth, round, and movable, and while not usually painful, they can cause discomfort if they grow larger. They can fluctuate in size and most commonly occur during or shortly after lactation.
Managing Lumps at Home
Continuing to empty the breast is often the most effective initial step when a lump is identified. Nursing frequently on the affected breast, or pumping if the baby does not fully drain it, can help clear blockages and reduce engorgement. This consistent milk removal helps maintain milk flow and prevent further accumulation.
Applying warmth to the affected breast before feeding can also be beneficial, as heat helps encourage milk flow. This can be done with a warm, wet compress or a warm shower. Conversely, applying cold compresses or ice packs between feeds can help reduce swelling and discomfort.
Gentle massage of the breast, working from the outer areas towards the nipple, can aid in clearing ducts. Changing breastfeeding positions can also help ensure all areas of the breast are effectively drained. For pain relief, over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen are generally compatible with breastfeeding. Adequate rest and hydration also contribute to recovery.
Ensuring a proper latch and varied feeding positions can help prevent future lumps. Wearing loose-fitting clothing and avoiding tight bras can also prevent pressure on milk ducts.
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
Seek medical attention if a breast lump does not resolve within 24 to 48 hours of home management, or if it persists beyond a few days. A healthcare provider should also be contacted if symptoms worsen, such as increasing pain, redness, or swelling in the breast.
Signs of infection, including a fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher, chills, body aches, or pus discharge from the nipple, require prompt medical assessment. These symptoms can indicate mastitis requiring antibiotic treatment. If a lump appears suddenly and does not seem clearly related to milk production, or feels different from typical breastfeeding lumps, it should be examined.
Changes in the breast or nipple, such as skin dimpling, an “orange peel” texture, nipple retraction, or any unusual discharge (especially bloody or clear fluid), are also reasons to contact a healthcare provider. These signs could indicate conditions unrelated to breastfeeding that need timely diagnosis. Frequent recurrence of lumps or mastitis also merits discussion with a medical professional to explore underlying causes and management strategies.