Lithops, known as “living stones,” are unique succulents from the arid regions of Southern Africa. Their distinctive appearance mimics pebbles, and their specialized watering requirements result from adaptations to this environment. Understanding these needs is important for their survival, as they differ significantly from common houseplants.
Understanding Lithops Watering Needs
Lithops thrive in extremely dry, rocky deserts due to unique adaptations. Their structure, primarily two thick, fused leaves, functions as a water storage organ, allowing them to endure prolonged periods without rainfall. Much of the plant’s body remains beneath the soil surface, which helps reduce water loss and protects it from intense heat. This adaptation allows the plant to absorb water efficiently when available and conserve it during drought.
Lithops’ distinct growth and dormancy cycles directly influence their watering needs. They undergo a “splitting” process where new leaves emerge from within the old, absorbing moisture from the older pair. The old leaves then shrivel and dry out as part of the plant’s natural regeneration.
Lithops Watering Chart: Seasonal Guide
The watering schedule for Lithops is closely tied to their annual growth cycle, requiring significant adjustments.
Winter
During winter, new leaves form inside the old ones, and the plant is dormant or splitting. Watering should be minimal or completely withheld. Emerging new leaves draw moisture from the older pair, making external water unnecessary and potentially harmful. Overwatering can disrupt this natural absorption, causing old leaves to rot instead of drying.
Spring
As spring arrives, old leaves shrivel to husks, and new growth becomes visible. Cautiously resume watering, allowing the soil to dry completely between thorough waterings. The goal is to plump up the new leaves in preparation for summer dormancy. Water once the old body’s remains are completely shriveled and dry.
Summer
Lithops enter dormancy in summer, especially in hot conditions, and need very little to no water. If the plant shows significant shriveling, a very light watering (just enough to moisten the top half-inch of soil) can prevent extreme dehydration. This minimal watering helps maintain the plant without encouraging active growth during its resting phase.
Autumn
As autumn approaches, Lithops awaken from summer dormancy, beginning a more active growing period and often flowering. Resume regular watering, allowing for thorough saturation followed by complete soil drying. This water supports growth and the development of flowers, which usually emerge from the central fissure between the leaves. Gradually reduce watering in late autumn as temperatures drop and the plant prepares for its winter splitting phase.
How to Water Lithops Effectively
Effective Lithops watering uses a “soak and dry” method: thoroughly saturate the soil, then allow it to dry completely before the next application. This approach encourages robust root growth and prevents issues from prolonged moisture.
Bottom watering is often favored, allowing the plant to absorb water from drainage holes upwards, avoiding water accumulation on the plant’s body. To bottom water, place the pot in a tray for 15 to 20 minutes, letting the soil wick up moisture.
Observe the plant for visual cues to determine if it needs water. A thirsty Lithops shows slight wrinkling or a softened appearance on its sides. If the plant is firm and plump, it has sufficient water and should not be watered. Using filtered water or rainwater is beneficial, as tap water can leave mineral deposits.
Troubleshooting Common Watering Issues
Overwatering is a common cause of Lithops issues, manifesting as mushy leaves, bursting of the plant body, or root rot. Excess moisture can cause leaves to swell and rupture, or lead to decay, particularly at the plant’s base. Soggy soil can cause root rot.
Conversely, underwatering causes Lithops to become shriveled or concave, and the plant may feel soft. While some shriveling is normal during splitting, prolonged dehydration indicates a need for water. If overwatering signs appear, cease watering and ensure good drainage. For underwatered plants, thorough watering can restore turgidity, but allow the soil to dry completely afterward.
Factors Influencing Your Watering Schedule
Several environmental and cultural factors influence how frequently Lithops need water.
The type of pot material plays a role; porous terracotta pots allow faster evaporation and soil drying compared to non-porous plastic containers. This means plants in terracotta may need water slightly more often.
Soil composition is another factor. Lithops require a fast-draining, gritty mix that mimics their natural rocky habitat. A mix high in inorganic materials like pumice, perlite, or decomposed granite ensures quick drainage and prevents water retention.
Climate and environmental conditions also affect drying times. Plants in higher temperatures or lower humidity dry out faster than those in cooler, more humid environments. More intense light exposure correlates with faster drying of the potting medium.