Lisinopril is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children over 6. It is also prescribed to manage congestive heart failure and improve survival rates following a heart attack. It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Lisinopril works by reducing chemicals that constrict blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more smoothly and the heart to pump more efficiently.
Understanding Diarrhea as a Lisinopril Side Effect
Diarrhea is a recognized gastrointestinal side effect of lisinopril, though less common than a dry cough or dizziness. It has been reported in clinical studies. When it occurs, it is usually mild to moderate in severity.
Diarrhea frequently appears within the first month of starting therapy. Symptoms may lessen or resolve as the body adjusts to the medication. While diarrhea led to discontinuation in some studies, the overall rate of stopping the medication due to side effects was low (around 6.1%).
The exact mechanism by which lisinopril causes diarrhea is not fully understood. However, ACE inhibitors influence systems involved in fluid balance and gastrointestinal function. Changes in fluid or electrolyte balance within the gut may contribute to altered bowel movements.
Managing Diarrhea While Taking Lisinopril
If you experience diarrhea while taking lisinopril, several home management strategies can help alleviate discomfort and prevent complications. Maintaining adequate hydration is important to counteract fluid loss from diarrhea. Drinking plenty of non-alcoholic fluids such as water, clear broths, or oral rehydration solutions can help prevent dehydration.
Dietary adjustments can also be beneficial. Opting for bland, easily digestible foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (often referred to as the BRAT diet) can help solidify stools and reduce irritation to the digestive system. Avoiding foods that can worsen diarrhea, such as spicy foods, fatty foods, dairy products, and excessive caffeine, is also advisable.
It is important to contact a healthcare provider if diarrhea becomes severe, persistent, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Signs of dehydration, such as decreased urination, dark-colored urine, unusual tiredness, or increased thirst, warrant medical attention. Electrolyte imbalances, which can manifest as weakness, muscle cramps, or irregular heartbeats, also require prompt evaluation.
Never stop taking lisinopril without consulting your doctor, even if you are experiencing side effects like diarrhea. Abruptly discontinuing medication for high blood pressure or heart conditions can lead to serious health risks. Your doctor can assess your symptoms, rule out other causes of diarrhea, and determine if a dosage adjustment or a different medication is appropriate.