Liquid paraffin, also known as mineral oil or paraffinum liquidum, is a highly refined substance derived from petroleum distillation. It presents as a transparent, colorless, odorless, and tasteless oily liquid, composed primarily of saturated hydrocarbons. These characteristics, combined with its inert nature, contribute to its wide-ranging utility across various sectors.
Internal Medical Applications
Liquid paraffin serves as a lubricant laxative, used to alleviate constipation. It coats the intestinal lining and stool with an oily film, softening fecal matter and facilitating smoother bowel movements. This reduces straining, making it suitable for individuals with chronic constipation or those needing to avoid straining, such as after surgery or with conditions like hemorrhoids. The substance prevents water absorption from the fecal mass, contributing to its softening effect.
External Skin and Hair Care
Liquid paraffin is incorporated into topical formulations for skin and hair. It functions as an emollient, softening and soothing the skin, and as an occlusive agent, creating a protective barrier that prevents moisture loss. This makes it effective in moisturizing and treating dry skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and ichthyosis. Regular application of products containing liquid paraffin can help improve skin hydration and texture.
In hair care, liquid paraffin prevents moisture loss by forming a protective layer over hair strands, reducing dryness and frizz. It contributes to smoother, softer, and shinier hair by taming flyaways and protecting against environmental damage. While it does not penetrate the hair shaft for deep conditioning, it improves the hair’s external appearance and manageability.
Non-Medical Consumer Products
Liquid paraffin is present in various household and consumer goods, beyond medical and personal care. It is used as lamp oil for decorative lamps, providing a clean-burning fuel. It also finds application in furniture polishes and waxes, contributing to shine and surface protection.
Food-grade liquid paraffin has specialized applications, such as a release agent to prevent food from sticking to molds and equipment during processing. It is also used as a coating for fruits and vegetables to preserve freshness and enhance appearance. Additionally, it can be found in confectionery to provide a glassy finish to items like chocolate.
Industrial and Technical Applications
Liquid paraffin plays a role in various industrial and technical settings due to its stability, viscosity, and lubricating capabilities. It serves as a lubricant in machinery, reducing friction and wear in mechanical systems and extending equipment lifespan. It is also employed as a release agent in manufacturing processes for plastics and rubber, aiding in demolding products.
Liquid paraffin is also a component in certain inks and coatings, and is utilized in the textile industry. In textiles, it acts as a lubricant for fibers and machinery, assisting in processes like spinning and weaving.
Safety Considerations and Proper Handling
Liquid paraffin has safety considerations, particularly with internal use. Prolonged internal use may lead to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), potentially causing deficiencies. There is also a risk of aspiration pneumonia if the oil is accidentally inhaled, especially in individuals with swallowing difficulties or young children. This risk necessitates careful administration and avoiding use before bedtime or in a reclined position.
For external applications, liquid paraffin is generally well-tolerated, though skin irritation or clogged pores can occur with overuse. Proper storage involves keeping it away from heat and light to maintain its stability. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before internal use to ensure appropriate dosage and to assess for contraindications, such as intestinal obstruction or abdominal pain of unknown origin.