A lip fissure, also known as cheilitis fissurata, is a condition characterized by cracks or splits on the lips. These fissures can be painful and may bleed, causing discomfort. The condition is common.
Understanding Lip Fissures
Lip fissures appear as cracks or splits on the lip surface. They commonly occur at the corners of the mouth, a condition known as angular cheilitis, or in the center of the lower lip. Individuals may report pain and sometimes bleeding from the affected areas.
People with lip fissures often experience dryness and redness around the lips, which can be accompanied by swelling. These symptoms can make it difficult to open the mouth fully without discomfort or further cracking. Untreated fissures may also lead to the formation of cuts and sores.
Causes of Lip Fissures
Lip fissures can develop due to several factors.
Environmental Factors
Prolonged exposure to cold, dry weather, wind, and excessive sun can dry out the lips and cause cracking.
Behavioral Habits
Frequent lip licking, dehydration, and the use of certain lip products or cosmetics can irritate the lips and lead to fissures.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamins like B12, riboflavin, and iron, are associated with their development.
Underlying Health Conditions
Underlying health conditions such as eczema, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and fungal infections like Candida albicans, which can cause angular cheilitis, may increase the risk.
Treatment and Prevention
To address existing lip fissures, home remedies and over-the-counter solutions often provide relief. Applying emollients like lip balms containing petroleum jelly, beeswax, or camphor can help soothe and protect the lips by creating a barrier against moisture loss. Using a humidifier, especially in dry environments, can also help maintain moisture in the air and on the lips. Staying adequately hydrated by increasing fluid intake is also important for overall lip health.
Avoiding irritants is another significant step in treatment and prevention. This includes identifying and discontinuing the use of any lip products, toothpastes, or sunscreens that may be causing an allergic reaction or irritation. Protecting lips from harsh weather by applying lip balm with SPF before going outdoors can prevent sun damage and further drying. It is also beneficial to avoid habits such as chronic lip licking, which can exacerbate dryness and cracking.
Medical attention should be sought if lip fissures are persistent, show signs of infection such as crusting or open sores, do not improve with home care, or recur frequently. A healthcare provider can diagnose any underlying medical conditions, such as severe dehydration, vitamin deficiencies, or fungal infections, that may be contributing to the issue. Depending on the cause, treatment may involve nutritional supplements, topical antifungal or antibiotic medications, or in rare chronic cases, surgical interventions like Z-plasty to prevent recurrence.