Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a beneficial bacterium, commonly recognized as a probiotic. It is found in various natural environments, including the human body and certain fermented foods.
Understanding Limosilactobacillus Fermentum
Limosilactobacillus fermentum, previously known as Lactobacillus fermentum, underwent a reclassification in April 2020, placing it within the Limosilactobacillus genus. This bacterium is a Gram-positive species that is heterofermentative, meaning it produces multiple end-products from glucose fermentation, such as lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and acetate or ethanol.
It is commonly found in the human intestinal tract, breast milk, and various fermented plant and animal materials. Examples of its presence in fermented foods include sourdough bread, kimchi, and yogurt. Although some strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum are adapted to the intestinal tract of vertebrates, it is considered to have a nomadic lifestyle rather than being a stable member of the human or animal gut microbiota.
Specific Health Applications
Limosilactobacillus fermentum supports digestive well-being by maintaining a balanced gut microbiota. Specific strains have shown promise in reducing gastrointestinal infections, particularly diarrhea, in infants. For instance, the strain CECT5716 has been linked to a significant reduction in gastrointestinal infections in formula-fed infants, including those delivered by C-section, with studies reporting a reduction of up to 73% in this group.
Beyond the gut, Limosilactobacillus fermentum supports the immune system by promoting beneficial gut bacteria. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, potentially helping to reduce inflammation. The strain ME-3, for example, has been identified as an antimicrobial and antioxidative probiotic.
In women’s health, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716, originally isolated from human breast milk, has been used in nutritional supplements and fermented milk products for over 15 years. This particular strain has shown potential in managing mastitis in breastfeeding mothers.
For infant health, the natural presence of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in breast milk suggests its involvement in early gut development and immunity. Supplementation with strains like CECT5716 in infant formula has shown a positive impact on preventing gastrointestinal infections in formula-fed infants.
How Limosilactobacillus Fermentum Works
Limosilactobacillus fermentum exerts its beneficial effects through several biological processes. One primary mechanism involves producing beneficial metabolites, such as lactic and acetic acids. These organic acids contribute to an acidic environment that can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.
The bacterium also engages in competitive exclusion, competing with undesirable microorganisms for nutrients and adhesion sites within the digestive tract. This helps maintain a balanced microbial community, preventing the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Campylobacter jejuni. Furthermore, Limosilactobacillus fermentum can produce antimicrobial peptides, known as bacteriocins, which directly target and disturb the membranes or induce cell wall degradation in selected pathogens.
Another way Limosilactobacillus fermentum functions is by modulating the immune system. It interacts with immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and can regulate the synthesis and release of cytokines, which are signaling molecules involved in immune responses. This activity can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine production and enhance intestinal barrier function. The strengthening of the gut barrier helps prevent harmful substances from entering the bloodstream, thus maintaining intestinal integrity.
Practical Considerations for Use
Limosilactobacillus fermentum can be obtained through dietary sources or as a supplement. It is naturally present in various fermented foods, including certain yogurts, sourdough, and kimchi. For those seeking specific strains or higher concentrations, dietary supplements are available in various forms, such as capsules, powders, or drops.
When considering supplementation, dosage can vary depending on the specific product and intended use. For adults, doses typically range from 1 to 3 billion colony-forming units (CFUs) daily for up to four weeks when taken orally. It is generally advisable to consult a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate type of product and dosage for individual needs.
Limosilactobacillus fermentum is generally considered safe, often categorized as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) by regulatory bodies like the US Food and Drug Administration. While generally well-tolerated, some individuals might experience mild stomach side effects. Individuals with weakened immune systems should exercise caution and consult a healthcare provider before taking probiotics, including L. fermentum, due to a rare risk of blood infections. Additionally, those with damaged heart valves should stop probiotic use before dental or surgical procedures.