Urinary incontinence, the unintentional loss of bladder control, is a condition that can significantly impact daily life. While surgical options have long been a standard for treatment, a non-surgical approach using laser technology has gained attention. This method offers a less invasive alternative for those seeking relief from incontinence symptoms.
How the Laser Procedure Works
Laser treatment for urinary incontinence uses targeted thermal energy to stimulate the body’s regenerative processes. Gynecologists use either a fractional CO2 laser or an Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser to deliver controlled heat to the tissues of the vaginal wall and the area surrounding the urethra. This is the tube through which urine exits the body.
The energy creates microscopic points of thermal injury in the tissue, triggering a natural healing response. This process prompts specialized cells called fibroblasts to produce new collagen and elastin fibers, which are proteins that provide strength and elasticity. As new collagen forms, the vaginal wall thickens and provides better support for the bladder and urethra. This improved support helps keep the urethra closed during moments of increased abdominal pressure, such as coughing or sneezing, reducing or preventing urine leakage.
Analyzing Clinical Studies and Efficacy
Scientific research into laser therapy has focused on its effectiveness for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI), which is characterized by urine leakage during physical exertion. Clinical studies measure success by tracking patient-reported outcomes through questionnaires and objective measures like pad weight tests, which quantify leakage.
Multiple studies report significant short-term improvements in SUI symptoms. Research shows noticeable reductions in questionnaire scores and decreased pad weight at follow-ups ranging from 3 to 12 months. Some studies indicate subjective improvement rates of over 70% at the six-month mark, suggesting the procedure can be effective for many women.
The body of evidence has limitations, including small sample sizes and a lack of long-term follow-up data. Some research notes a reduction in the treatment’s effect between 24 and 36 months post-procedure. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared these laser devices for general gynecological use but has not specifically approved them for treating urinary incontinence.
Common Themes in Patient Reviews
Patient reviews reveal a wide spectrum of experiences. Many women report positive outcomes, highlighting the convenience of a quick, in-office treatment that requires no general anesthesia and involves minimal downtime. They express satisfaction with the reduction in leakage and a corresponding boost in confidence.
A recurring theme is that results were not as significant as hoped, with some improvement that did not fully resolve the issue. Another point is the transient nature of the effects. Some women find the benefits diminish over time, requiring maintenance sessions that add to the long-term cost.
Negative feedback centers on the financial aspect, as the procedure is rarely covered by insurance, leaving patients with the full out-of-pocket cost. Some individuals also report minor, temporary side effects like spotting, mild cramping, or vaginal dryness. These issues usually resolve within a few days.
What to Expect During and After Treatment
The process begins with a consultation with a qualified provider. The doctor will review your medical history, discuss symptoms, and perform an exam to confirm you are a suitable candidate. This visit is an opportunity to ask questions and understand the potential outcomes.
The treatment is a brief outpatient procedure lasting 15 to 30 minutes. While you are in a position similar to a pelvic exam, the provider inserts a laser probe into the vagina. Most patients report a painless sensation of warmth or gentle vibration as the laser energy is delivered.
There is no major downtime, and patients can resume most normal routines immediately. Doctors provide post-procedure instructions, which include abstaining from sexual intercourse, tampons, and strenuous exercise for a few days. A full treatment plan involves a series of two to three sessions scheduled several weeks apart.
Candidacy and Cost Considerations
The ideal candidate is a woman with mild to moderate Stress Urinary Incontinence who prefers a less invasive option than surgery. The treatment is not recommended for individuals with:
- Severe incontinence
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Urge Incontinence as the primary issue
- Active infections
Cost is a significant factor, as the treatment is seldom covered by insurance. The price varies by location and clinic, but a single session can range from several hundred to over a thousand dollars. Since a full course involves multiple sessions, patients should clarify the total investment with their provider beforehand.