The human body is home to trillions of microorganisms, many of which reside within the digestive tract and play a significant role in maintaining overall health. Among these diverse microbial communities are beneficial bacteria, often referred to as probiotics, which offer various advantages to their host. One such group gaining considerable attention is Lacticaseibacillus, a genus of bacteria recognized for its positive contributions to well-being.
Defining Lacticaseibacillus
Lacticaseibacillus is a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Lactobacillaceae, a group commonly known as lactic acid bacteria. These microorganisms are characterized as Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and non-spore-forming. They are also homofermentative, meaning they primarily produce lactic acid as a byproduct of carbohydrate fermentation.
The genus Lacticaseibacillus was established in 2020 as part of a significant taxonomic reclassification of the broader Lactobacillus genus. Previously, many species now classified under Lacticaseibacillus, such as Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, were simply categorized as Lactobacillus. This reclassification was based on extensive genetic analysis to create more phylogenetically homogeneous genera. The new naming system maintains the “L.” abbreviation, making the transition easier for the food industry and researchers.
Sources of Lacticaseibacillus
Lacticaseibacillus species are commonly found in various environments, including the human body and certain fermented foods. Within the human body, they are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, forming a part of the gut microbiota. Their presence in the gut contributes to a balanced microbial ecosystem, which is important for digestive function.
Beyond the human gut, Lacticaseibacillus is widely present in fermented dairy products. Yogurt and kefir are prominent examples where these bacteria thrive due to the milk sugars providing a suitable substrate for fermentation. Other fermented foods also serve as sources of Lacticaseibacillus, including fermented vegetables like sauerkraut and kimchi, as well as sourdough bread. These environments offer a rich supply of carbohydrates for the bacteria to multiply.
Health Benefits
Lacticaseibacillus species are associated with a range of health benefits, particularly concerning digestive wellness. They are often used to help alleviate symptoms of various gastrointestinal disturbances. For instance, certain strains have shown promise in reducing the duration and severity of acute infectious diarrhea, especially in children.
These bacteria also contribute to maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier. A healthy gut barrier prevents harmful substances from entering the bloodstream, and Lacticaseibacillus can help reinforce this protective layer. Their presence also supports the balance of beneficial microbes, which can be disrupted by factors like antibiotic use, helping to reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Beyond digestive support, Lacticaseibacillus may influence the immune system. Some strains have been linked to modulating immune responses, potentially reducing the incidence or severity of certain allergic reactions, such as atopic eczema in children. They can also help manage lactose intolerance by producing enzymes that break down lactose, thereby easing symptoms for individuals with this condition.
How It Works
The beneficial actions of Lacticaseibacillus are attributed to several mechanisms within the body. One primary way they exert their effects is by producing lactic acid, which lowers the pH of the surrounding environment. This acidic condition inhibits the growth of many harmful bacteria, creating an unfavorable environment for pathogens to thrive.
They also produce antimicrobial compounds like bacteriocins, which suppress undesirable microorganisms. These compounds act as natural antibiotics, helping to maintain a healthy microbial balance. They also compete with pathogens for nutrients and adhesion sites on the gut lining, reducing pathogen colonization.
Furthermore, these bacteria can modulate the host’s immune response. They interact with immune cells in the gut, influencing the production of signaling molecules. This interaction can lead to a more balanced immune system, potentially reducing excessive inflammatory responses. Lacticaseibacillus also produces beneficial metabolites, which provide energy to colon cells and contribute to overall gut health.
Specific Strains
The Lacticaseibacillus genus encompasses several distinct strains, each with unique characteristics and documented health effects. While LGG is a prominent example, the specific effects of Lacticaseibacillus can vary significantly between different strains, highlighting the importance of strain-specific research.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)
One of the most extensively studied and widely recognized strains is Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, often abbreviated as LGG. LGG is frequently incorporated into probiotic supplements and functional foods like yogurts and milk products. It is well-regarded for its ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract effectively.
Research indicates that LGG can help prevent and treat various types of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea, by restoring beneficial gut bacteria. It has also shown promise in managing symptoms of H. pylori treatment and may reduce the risk of gastric cancer.
Beyond digestive health, LGG has demonstrated immunomodulatory properties. It can enhance the body’s immune response, making it a subject of interest for conditions such as atopic eczema and other allergic reactions in infants and children.