Kalanchoe plants are popular for their vibrant blooms and succulent nature. Despite their hardiness, they are susceptible to root rot, a serious condition often caused by improper care. Addressing this common issue is important for maintaining Kalanchoe health.
Understanding Kalanchoe Root Rot
Kalanchoe root rot is primarily a fungal disease attacking the root system, causing decay due to overly moist conditions. It thrives where roots are deprived of oxygen, essential for healthy function. Overwatering is the primary catalyst, saturating the soil and creating an anaerobic environment.
Poor drainage significantly contributes to root rot, often from dense, heavy potting mixes that retain excessive moisture. Pots lacking drainage holes also trap water, preventing its escape. Placing a small Kalanchoe in an overly large pot also exacerbates the problem, as the larger soil volume holds more water than the plant can absorb.
Identifying Kalanchoe Root Rot
Recognizing the signs of root rot early is important for successful intervention. Above-ground symptoms include wilting leaves despite watering, indicating roots are no longer absorbing moisture. Foliage may yellow or brown, and overall growth might appear stunted. Stems can become soft and mushy, signaling decay beyond the root system.
To confirm root rot, carefully unpot the Kalanchoe to inspect its roots. Healthy roots are firm, light-colored, and often white or tan. Roots affected by rot, however, will be dark brown or black, feel mushy or slimy, and may emit a foul odor. This inspection provides definitive evidence of the disease.
Treating Kalanchoe Root Rot
Treating Kalanchoe root rot requires prompt action. Carefully remove the plant from its pot, gently shaking off old, saturated soil from the root ball. This allows for clear root system inspection.
Use clean, sharp pruning shears or scissors to trim away all affected roots. Remove any dark, mushy, or foul-smelling roots, as they are no longer viable and can spread infection. Sterilize cutting tools with rubbing alcohol between cuts to prevent contamination.
After removing damaged roots, repot the Kalanchoe into a clean pot, preferably terracotta, which promotes better air circulation and moisture evaporation. Ensure the new pot has ample drainage holes to prevent water accumulation. Use a fresh, well-draining potting mix formulated for succulents or cacti, as these mixes prevent waterlogging.
After repotting, delay watering the plant for three to seven days to allow root cuts to callus and heal. This waiting period helps prevent new infections. Place the repotted Kalanchoe in bright, indirect light, providing stable conditions for recovery without direct, intense sunlight.
Preventing Kalanchoe Root Rot
Preventing root rot centers on establishing proper watering habits and providing an appropriate growing environment. Adopt the “soak and dry” method, which involves thoroughly watering the Kalanchoe until water drains from the bottom of the pot, then allowing the soil to dry out completely before watering again. This approach prevents the soil from remaining saturated for extended periods, which is a common cause of root rot.
Using the correct potting mix and pot is equally important. Always select a well-draining succulent or cactus potting mix, which typically contains perlite or sand to enhance drainage. Pots with drainage holes are non-negotiable, as they allow excess water to escape. Terracotta pots are often preferred because their porous nature helps wick away moisture from the soil, aiding in quicker drying.
Environmental factors also play a role in preventing root rot. Providing adequate light helps the plant utilize water more efficiently and contributes to faster soil drying between waterings. Maintaining suitable temperatures, generally between 60 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit, also supports healthy plant metabolism and soil evaporation, further reducing the risk of waterlogged conditions.