Jardiance, a medication, can be associated with certain side effects. One potential side effect is an increased likelihood of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Understanding this connection is important for individuals taking the medication.
Understanding Jardiance
Jardiance, known generically as empagliflozin, belongs to a class of drugs called sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. It is prescribed for adults with Type 2 diabetes to help manage blood sugar levels. Beyond diabetes management, Jardiance also has indications for reducing the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization in adults with heart failure, and slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Its mechanism of action involves targeting SGLT2 proteins in the kidneys’ proximal tubules.
Jardiance works by inhibiting these SGLT2 proteins, which are responsible for reabsorbing most of the filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. By blocking this reabsorption, empagliflozin causes the kidneys to excrete more glucose into the urine. This process helps lower blood glucose levels in people with Type 2 diabetes and contributes to its benefits in heart failure and kidney disease. Patients experience increased urine output as a direct result of this mechanism.
How Jardiance Increases UTI Risk
The increased excretion of glucose into the urine, a direct effect of Jardiance, alters the urinary tract environment. This higher concentration of glucose in the urine creates a more favorable breeding ground for bacteria. Bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), common culprits in UTIs, can thrive on this excess sugar.
Clinical studies have observed an increased incidence of urinary tract infections in patients taking Jardiance compared to those on a placebo, with rates reported higher in female patients (e.g., 18.4% vs 16.6% for placebo). Male patients also experienced a slightly increased risk (e.g., 3.6% vs 3.2% for placebo).
Recognizing and Responding to UTI Symptoms
Individuals taking Jardiance should be aware of common urinary tract infection symptoms. These include a persistent, strong urge to urinate, a burning sensation during urination, frequent urination, or passing only small amounts of urine. Other indicators might be cloudy, reddish, or strong-smelling urine, or lower abdominal discomfort or pressure in the pelvic area.
It is important to seek medical attention promptly if any of these symptoms appear while taking Jardiance. Untreated UTIs can potentially lead to more serious complications, such as kidney infections. Patients should not attempt to self-diagnose or discontinue their medication without consulting their healthcare provider. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the infection and recommend appropriate treatment, which often includes antibiotics.
Tips for Reducing UTI Risk
Taking proactive steps can help mitigate the risk of urinary tract infections while on Jardiance. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day is a simple yet effective measure. This helps increase urine output, which can dilute glucose in the urine and assist in flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract. It is also beneficial to urinate frequently and avoid holding urine for extended periods, as delaying urination can promote bacterial growth.
Practicing good personal hygiene, such as wiping from front to back after using the toilet, is recommended to prevent bacteria from entering the urethra. Urinating before and after sexual activity can reduce the likelihood of UTIs. Individuals should discuss any concerns about UTI risk or symptoms with their healthcare provider for personalized advice and monitoring. Some studies also suggest that cranberry consumption may help prevent UTIs in diabetic patients using SGLT2 inhibitors.