Common ivy (Hedera helix) is a common plant, often seen climbing structures or as dense groundcover. While its aerial roots are noted for their climbing ability, its subterranean root system in soil is important for understanding its growth and impacts. This article explores the characteristics, spread, and management of ivy roots in the ground.
Characteristics of Ivy Root Systems in Soil
The root system of common ivy in soil is primarily fibrous. These roots branch extensively, forming a dense, interwoven mat beneath the soil surface. This mat typically occupies the top 6 to 12 inches of soil, though some roots may penetrate deeper in loose substrates.
This shallow but broad network allows the plant to anchor itself and absorb water and nutrients from the upper soil layers. Unlike aerial roots that cling to surfaces, subterranean roots are for anchoring the plant and absorbing nutrients. Their dense formation contributes to the plant’s stability and thriving in various soil conditions.
How Ivy Roots Spread and Interact with Soil
Ivy roots exhibit a stoloniferous growth pattern, where horizontal stems (stolons) creep along the ground and develop roots at various points. This rooting at nodes allows the plant to quickly establish new growth and expand its area. The rapid spread enables ivy to colonize large expanses of soil.
This expansive root network and dense groundcover allow ivy to outcompete many other plants for resources like water, nutrients, and sunlight. The competitive pressure can suppress the growth of desirable plants by monopolizing soil space and resources. While the dense cover can help prevent soil erosion on slopes, it can also create an environment that may suppress the activity of some beneficial soil organisms due to reduced air circulation and light penetration.
Common Problems Associated with Ivy Roots
The dense and extensive root system of ivy can contribute to several problems in homes and gardens. While the roots themselves typically do not initiate cracks in solid structures, their expansive growth can exploit weaknesses in foundations, patios, or walkways. As the root mass expands within an existing void, it can exert pressure, exacerbating minor cracks or displacing paving stones over time. Similarly, if drainage systems or septic tanks have fissures, ivy roots can infiltrate these openings, causing blockages or reduced system efficiency.
Beyond structural concerns, ivy’s competitive nature impacts other plants. Its dense root mat deprives nearby garden plants, shrubs, and young trees of water and nutrients. This resource depletion can lead to the decline, stunting, or eventual death of landscape plants. The thick, evergreen groundcover created by ivy can also foster an environment conducive to issues like rodent shelter or fungal diseases on underlying plants due to reduced air circulation and trapped moisture.
Effective Management and Removal of Ivy Roots
Preventing ivy establishment is the first step in management. Installing physical root barriers, such as specialized plastic or fabric barriers, around garden beds or structures can deter underground spread. Regular vigilance and prompt removal of new ivy shoots can also prevent the extensive root system. Addressing small patches before they become established is less work.
For existing ivy, manual removal is a direct method. This involves systematically digging out the entire plant and as much of the root system as possible. Due to the extensive network, this process requires persistence and repeated efforts, as even small root fragments can regenerate. For larger areas, solarization can be effective, where clear plastic sheeting is laid over the ivy in hot weather to heat the soil and kill plants and roots.
When manual methods are insufficient, chemical control may be considered, but it requires careful application to avoid harming surrounding vegetation. Herbicides formulated for broadleaf weeds, with active ingredients like glyphosate or triclopyr, can be applied directly to the ivy foliage. Always follow product instructions regarding dilution rates, application methods, and safety precautions. Long-term control necessitates ongoing monitoring to remove new growth from missed root fragments or new seeds, ensuring the area remains free of re-establishment.