Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent condition that can lead to significant vision loss. Historically, treatments primarily focused on the “wet” form of AMD. However, recent scientific advancements have introduced new therapeutic options for the dry form, notably IZERVAY (avacincaptad pegol).
Understanding Geographic Atrophy in Dry AMD
Dry AMD progresses gradually, often starting with the accumulation of drusen, which are yellow deposits under the retina. Over time, this can lead to a more advanced stage known as geographic atrophy (GA). GA is characterized by irreversible damage and loss of retinal cells, specifically in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
The macula’s deterioration in GA creates blind spots and compromises central vision, making everyday activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces increasingly difficult. Until recently, there were no approved treatments specifically for GA, leaving many patients with limited options.
Introducing IZERVAY (Avacincaptad Pegol)
IZERVAY (avacincaptad pegol) is the first FDA-approved treatment for geographic atrophy secondary to dry AMD. This medication is classified as a complement C5 inhibitor. It targets the complement system, a part of the immune system implicated in GA progression.
The complement system, while normally protective, can contribute to inflammation and cell death in the retina when dysregulated. IZERVAY works to inhibit complement protein C5, which helps to disrupt the formation of the membrane attack complex, a group of proteins that can damage retinal cells. By modulating this pathway, IZERVAY aims to slow the degeneration of retinal cells associated with GA.
Treatment Process and Expected Outcomes
IZERVAY is administered through an intravitreal injection, meaning the medication is delivered directly into the vitreous humor, the jelly-like substance that fills the eye. Treatment is a monthly injection.
The primary objective of IZERVAY treatment is to slow the progression of geographic atrophy, rather than to restore vision that has already been lost. Clinical trials, such as the GATHER1 and GATHER2 studies, demonstrated that IZERVAY can significantly reduce the rate of GA lesion growth. For instance, studies showed a reduction in GA growth by up to 35% in the first year of treatment in GATHER1 and 18% in GATHER2.
Important Considerations and Potential Side Effects
Patients who might be candidates for IZERVAY are those diagnosed with geographic atrophy secondary to dry AMD. It is important for individuals to discuss their specific condition with an ophthalmologist to determine if this treatment is suitable for them.
Common side effects include conjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding under the clear lining of the eye), increased intraocular pressure, and blurred vision. Less common but serious risks associated with intravitreal injections, including IZERVAY, include endophthalmitis (a severe eye infection) and retinal detachments. There is also an increased rate of developing neovascular (wet) AMD or choroidal neovascularization with IZERVAY use. Monitoring by an ophthalmologist is necessary to manage any side effects and to monitor for the development of wet AMD.