Many individuals wonder about a tooth’s vitality after root canal treatment. This common question stems from concerns about how a tooth remains functional following the procedure. Root canal treatment is a widely performed dental procedure specifically designed to save a tooth compromised by infection or damage, preserving it as a functional component within the mouth.
What a Root Canal Changes
A tooth’s internal structure includes enamel and dentin, protecting the innermost soft tissue called the pulp. This pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue, providing sensation and nourishment. A root canal procedure, also known as endodontic treatment, becomes necessary when the pulp becomes infected or inflamed due to deep decay, cracks, or trauma.
During the procedure, the infected or damaged pulp is removed from inside the tooth’s root canals and pulp chamber. After removal, the space is cleaned, disinfected, and filled with a rubber-like material to seal it. This process means that the tooth’s internal nerve supply and blood flow are indeed gone, rendering that inner portion of the tooth “devitalized” in terms of its ability to feel temperature changes directly.
How a Tooth Stays Alive
While the tooth’s internal pulp is removed during a root canal, the tooth is not entirely “dead” because it remains surrounded by living tissues. The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a significant role in its continued vitality. This ligament is a network of connective tissue fibers that connects the tooth root to the surrounding jawbone.
The periodontal ligament contains its own nerves and blood vessels, which provide ongoing nourishment and sensation to the tooth’s outer surface and the surrounding bone. A root-canal-treated tooth can still feel pressure, touch, and pain from external sources, such as biting down too hard. The surrounding jawbone and gums also contribute to the tooth’s support and health.
Life After a Root Canal
Following a root canal, the tooth remains a functional part of the mouth, capable of performing essential tasks like chewing and speaking. While the tooth will no longer respond to hot or cold stimuli from its internal nerve, it can still transmit sensations of pressure or discomfort from external forces. This sensation is facilitated by the living periodontal ligament and surrounding tissues.
A root canal-treated tooth often requires a restorative crown or filling to protect it from fracture. Pulp removal can make the tooth more susceptible to brittleness over time, making this protective restoration important for its long-term integrity. With proper oral hygiene, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups, a tooth that has undergone root canal treatment can last for many years. Studies indicate that teeth with a root canal and a subsequent crown can last approximately 20 years, while those without restorative work may last around 6.5 years.