The common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a hardy perennial plant valued by gardeners for its flat-topped flower clusters and its ability to thrive in poor, dry soil conditions. This resilient, low-maintenance plant tolerates drought once established. Determining which plants can survive the appetites of browsing pests, such as deer and rabbits, is a significant consideration when planning a landscape.
The Resistance Verdict
Yarrow is highly resistant to browsing by both deer and rabbits. This plant is rarely selected as a food source, making it a preferred choice for landscapes prone to wildlife intrusion. While no plant is entirely immune, especially when preferred food is scarce, yarrow is consistently low on the menu. Its resistance is rooted in biological characteristics that make it unpalatable to these common garden pests.
What Makes Yarrow Unappealing
The primary defense mechanism in yarrow is its distinctive chemical composition. The foliage contains volatile essential oils, which emit a strong, herbaceous scent that deer and rabbits find noxious. The plant also produces phenolic compounds, including tannins, which act as antifeedants by creating a bitter taste and interfering with digestive enzymes. Tannins make the plant’s proteins less digestible. This combination of strong, off-putting odors and inherent bitterness serves as a deterrent to discourage consumption.
The physical structure of the plant further contributes to its low appeal. Yarrow leaves possess a finely dissected, fern-like appearance that is often described as having a slightly fuzzy or hairy texture. This texture is generally disliked by both deer and rabbits, which prefer plants with smooth, tender foliage. The combination of irritating texture and strong chemical taste means these animals will pass over yarrow in favor of more palatable options.
Using Yarrow in a Pest-Prone Garden
Yarrow’s natural resistance makes it an excellent candidate for strategic placement in areas where browsing pests are common. Gardeners can use it as a barrier or border planting to protect more vulnerable plants in flower beds or vegetable patches. Interspersing yarrow among less-resistant crops, such as lettuce or cabbage, can help mask the scent of preferred food, discouraging pests from entering the area. To maximize its deterrent effect, yarrow should be placed in full sun, which encourages the production of essential oils responsible for its strong scent. Regular maintenance helps keep the plants vigorous, ensuring a continuous supply of aromatic foliage that repels pests.