Water flossing is a method of interdental cleaning that uses a pressurized, pulsating stream of water to remove debris and plaque from between teeth and below the gumline. These devices, sometimes called oral irrigators, offer an alternative to traditional string floss, especially for people who find manual flossing difficult or uncomfortable. While concerns about the water jet being harmful are understandable, water flossers are generally considered safe and beneficial for oral hygiene when used as directed. Improper use or excessive pressure, however, can lead to temporary irritation, making correct technique important.
General Safety Consensus and Misconceptions
Water flossers are a safe and effective addition to a daily oral care routine. These devices are recognized for their ability to reduce plaque and improve gum health, often showing greater reduction compared to brushing and string flossing alone. The pulsating water stream flushes away bacterial biofilm and food particles from hard-to-reach areas, including up to seven millimeters deep into gum pockets.
A common misconception is that the water pressure is strong enough to damage healthy tooth enamel or cause the gums to recede. Water flossers are designed to be gentle, and most models include adjustable settings for sensitive gums. The cleaning action focuses on flushing out debris, not abrasion, making them suitable for individuals who experience irritation or bleeding with string floss.
Another concern is the potential for pushing bacteria deeper into gum pockets. When used correctly, the pulsating stream helps to flush those pockets out, reducing the bacterial load and inflammation. Temporary irritation or minor bleeding may occur initially with existing gum inflammation, but this often indicates that the gums are beginning to heal.
Preventing Injury: Pressure and Proper Technique
Users must pay close attention to the pressure setting and the angle of the tip to ensure safe and effective water flossing. Most water flossers feature multiple pressure settings, and the safest approach is to begin on the lowest setting. Users should gradually increase the pressure over several days or weeks until they find a comfortable level that provides a thorough clean. Using a setting that is too high, particularly on sensitive or inflamed gums, is the primary cause of minor trauma, such as temporary irritation or bleeding.
Proper technique involves directing the water stream at the gumline, aiming the tip at a 90-degree angle to the teeth. Trace the natural shape of the gums, moving from tooth to tooth and pausing briefly between them to allow the water to flush the area. The goal is to clean the interdental areas, not to force the tip directly into the gum tissue. Using lukewarm water can also prevent discomfort, as cold or hot water can cause sensitivity.
Using Water Flossers With Existing Dental Work
Water flossers are recommended for individuals with existing dental work because they effectively clean areas traditional floss cannot easily reach. This includes cleaning around dental implants, crowns, fixed bridges, and orthodontic hardware like braces. The pulsating water stream removes plaque and debris from beneath bridges and around implant posts, helping prevent infections such as peri-implantitis.
Specialized tips are available for specific dental needs. The orthodontic tip features a small brush to clean around brackets, and the Plaque Seeker tip has three thin tufts of bristles to access stubborn plaque around restorations. For cleaning deep periodontal pockets, a Pik Pocket tip can be used at the lowest pressure setting to gently deliver water or prescribed therapeutic rinses below the gumline. When cleaning around implants or bridges, gently glide the tip along the gumline to ensure the water flushes the area without causing trauma. Consultation with a dentist is advisable for those with active periodontal disease to ensure correct technique and pressure are used.