Vomiting can be unsettling in late pregnancy, often leading to questions about whether it signals labor. While nausea and vomiting can occur as labor approaches, they are not always definitive indicators on their own.
Vomiting as a Symptom of Labor
Vomiting can occur during labor due to several physiological changes within the body. As labor progresses, there is a surge in hormones such as prostaglandins and oxytocin, which play a role in uterine contractions and cervical changes. These hormonal shifts can also influence the digestive system, potentially leading to nausea and vomiting.
The body’s energy redirection to the uterus and birthing muscles can cause digestion to slow down or even temporarily stop. This slowdown means that any food consumed prior to or during early labor may not be processed efficiently, contributing to feelings of queasiness and subsequent vomiting. Additionally, the intense pain and stress associated with contractions can trigger the body’s “fight or flight” response, releasing adrenaline which may result in nausea. Vomiting is particularly common during the transition phase of labor.
Other Potential Causes of Vomiting in Late Pregnancy
Vomiting in late pregnancy is not exclusively a sign of impending labor; several other common conditions can cause it. Food poisoning or a stomach virus can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and sometimes fever. These illnesses typically present with a sudden onset of gastrointestinal distress.
Another frequent cause is severe heartburn or acid reflux, which can worsen in the third trimester due to hormonal changes and increased pressure from the growing uterus on the stomach. This can cause stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, leading to a burning sensation, nausea, and occasional vomiting. Anxiety and stress may also manifest as nausea and vomiting. In some cases, a return of severe morning sickness, known as hyperemesis gravidarum, can occur throughout pregnancy, making it difficult to keep down food and fluids.
Recognizing Other Key Indicators of Labor
While vomiting may accompany labor, it is typically observed alongside other, more reliable indicators. True labor contractions are distinct from Braxton Hicks contractions; they are regular, become progressively stronger, longer, and closer together, and do not subside with changes in position or activity. These contractions often cause pain in the belly and lower back that intensifies over time.
The breaking of water, or rupture of membranes, is another clear sign. This can manifest as a sudden gush or a slow trickle of fluid from the vagina. The bloody show is also a common indicator, appearing as a small amount of pink, brown, or blood-streaked mucus. This discharge occurs as the cervix begins to soften, thin, and dilate in preparation for birth.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contacting a healthcare provider is always advisable if there are concerns about symptoms in late pregnancy. If vomiting becomes severe or persistent, making it difficult to keep down fluids or food, medical advice should be sought. Signs of dehydration, such as excessive thirst, dark urine, decreased urination, dizziness, or a rapid heartbeat, warrant immediate attention.
Any new or concerning symptoms, including a fever, severe abdominal pain not associated with contractions, or a significant decrease in the baby’s movement, should prompt a call to the doctor or midwife. If there is suspicion of water breaking, or if heavy bleeding occurs, it is important to seek professional medical advice without delay.