Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dryness, itching, and rashes, making the skin barrier highly sensitive to external factors. Clothing is in constant contact with the skin and is a significant environmental consideration for managing this condition. Viscose, a common fabric, is often considered for sensitive skin. Its suitability depends on a detailed look at its physical properties and manufacturing process to determine if it offers the necessary comfort and low-irritation profile for those managing eczema.
The Origin and Structure of Viscose Fiber
Viscose, also known as rayon, is a regenerated cellulose fiber. It originates from natural materials, typically wood pulp sourced from trees like beech, spruce, or eucalyptus, or from bamboo, but undergoes extensive chemical processing. The cellulose is dissolved and reformed into soft, continuous filaments, giving viscose its semi-synthetic designation.
The resulting fiber is smooth, lightweight, and possesses a fluid drape that mimics the feel of natural silk. This structure contributes to its appeal for sensitive skin. The chemical alteration converts the wood pulp into a textile fiber distinct from purely natural fibers like cotton.
Analyzing Viscose’s Physical Interaction with Eczema
Viscose is generally considered skin-friendly because its smooth physical structure minimizes mechanical friction against sensitive skin. The smooth surface reduces chafing and rubbing, which are common triggers for eczema flare-ups. This softness is a significant benefit, especially compared to the rougher fibers found on traditional wool.
The fabric also exhibits high breathability, allowing air to circulate freely and preventing the heat buildup that leads to irritation and itching. Furthermore, viscose is highly absorbent and can wick moisture away from the skin, a property four times more effective than standard cotton. This moisture absorption helps keep the skin dry, which is important because dried sweat leaves a salty residue that irritates eczema symptoms.
However, if the fabric becomes saturated with perspiration, it holds that moisture close to the skin for a longer period. This prolonged contact with sweat, even if absorbed, can still act as an irritant for some individuals. Selecting a garment with a looser fit can help mitigate this issue by maximizing airflow and reducing sweat accumulation.
Chemical Processing and Potential Skin Irritants
Despite the physical comfort of the fiber, conventional viscose manufacturing involves a chemically intensive process that can introduce potential irritants. The production process treats wood pulp with chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and carbon disulfide. While the finished viscose fiber is considered hypoallergenic, residual amounts of these chemicals can remain in the textile.
The primary source of irritation for eczema sufferers is often not the cellulose fiber but residual processing chemicals, dyes, and finishing agents. Formaldehyde resins, frequently used to make clothing wrinkle-resistant, can trigger allergic contact dermatitis. Individuals with a history of skin allergies are more susceptible to reacting to these residues, which may manifest as an itchy, red rash.
To minimize this risk, consumers should look for certified viscose varieties, such as those with an OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certification. This certification ensures the textile has been tested for harmful substances, including residual chemicals and allergenic dyes, making the fabric dermatologically safer. Advanced forms of regenerated cellulose, like Modal and Lyocell, often use cleaner, closed-loop production systems that reduce chemical waste and present a lower irritation risk.
Laundering Viscose and Recommended Fabric Alternatives
Proper laundering is a practical step to remove lingering chemical residues or irritants from viscose clothing. New garments should be washed at least twice before wearing to remove surface chemical finishes or loose dyes. Use only mild, fragrance-free, and dye-free detergents, as perfumes and dyes can easily trigger a flare-up.
A double rinse cycle is recommended to ensure all traces of detergent are removed, preventing residual soap from irritating the skin. Viscose is delicate when wet, so wash it on a gentle or hand-wash cycle and air-dry flat to prevent stretching or shrinkage, avoiding the dryer entirely.
When considering alternatives, 100% organic cotton is recommended due to its softness, breathability, and washability. Silk is an excellent choice, known for its temperature-regulating properties and smooth texture, though it can be harder to wash and may stain easily. Fabrics to avoid include synthetics like polyester and nylon, which trap heat and cause sweating, and traditional wool, whose rough fibers cause mechanical irritation.