Viburnum shrubs are popular in landscapes for their diverse features, including fragrant spring flowers, ornamental berries, and attractive foliage. With over 150 species and numerous cultivars, they offer options for nearly every garden condition. For homeowners whose properties border natural areas, a primary concern when selecting new shrubs is whether they will become an easy meal for local wildlife. Determining the level of resistance to browsing deer influences planting decisions across many regions.
Defining Viburnum’s Deer Resistance
Viburnum is widely classified as having moderate to high deer resistance. Agricultural extensions typically rate these shrubs as “seldom severely damaged,” meaning deer usually avoid them when more palatable food sources are available. This natural defense results from the plant’s physical and chemical characteristics. The foliage of many varieties, such as Viburnum rhytidophyllum (Leatherleaf), possesses a tough, leathery texture that is mechanically unappealing.
Many species also deter deer through scent and taste. Their leaves and stems contain chemical compounds that impart an unpleasant, bitter flavor. Certain varieties, like Viburnum dentatum (Arrowwood), have a distinct, pungent aroma that deer find offensive. While no plant is completely deer-proof, Viburnum is structurally and chemically prepared to discourage routine browsing.
Factors That Increase Browsing Risk
The “seldom severely damaged” rating means deer will still browse Viburnum under certain conditions. The primary variable overriding natural defenses is food scarcity, which occurs during severe winters or prolonged drought. When preferred forage is unavailable, deer become opportunistic and consume shrubs they would normally ignore. High deer density can also deplete natural food supplies, forcing the animals to browse less palatable ornamental plants.
Resistance varies significantly between the numerous species and cultivars. For example, Viburnum rhytidophyllum provides a consistently high level of resistance due to its thick leaves. Conversely, Viburnum plicatum (Doublefile Viburnum) is sometimes browsed more frequently than its relatives. Deer also prefer the tender, succulent tissues of new growth that emerge in the spring. Young, recently planted shrubs are particularly vulnerable since their entire structure consists of this tender growth.
Protecting Your Viburnum Investment
Even with Viburnum’s inherent resistance, gardeners in high-pressure deer areas should implement protective strategies. For newly planted or smaller shrubs, physical barriers offer the most reliable defense against browsing damage. Installing a temporary cage or fence made from chicken wire or deer netting prevents deer from reaching vulnerable new growth. These barriers should be secured firmly to the ground and remain in place until the shrub becomes established and its foliage matures.
Repellents are a second line of defense and can be applied directly to the foliage to discourage feeding. Products containing putrescent egg solids or capsaicin create an unpleasant taste and odor that deer typically avoid. To maintain effectiveness, these repellents must be reapplied frequently, especially after rainfall or heavy dew. It is also beneficial to rotate between different types of repellents, as deer can grow accustomed to a single scent or taste over time.
Strategically placing your shrubs can also minimize risk and is a simple, non-chemical solution. Positioning less resistant varieties closer to the house or in visible, high-traffic areas can deter deer, which generally avoid human activity. Conversely, highly resistant species like Arrowwood or Leatherleaf Viburnum are better choices for planting on the periphery of your property, where deer are more likely to roam.