Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of energy that constantly interacts with our skin. It is categorized into different types based on wavelength, primarily UVA and UVB. UVA rays have longer wavelengths and penetrate deeply into the skin, while UVB rays have shorter wavelengths and primarily affect the skin’s surface layer. The widespread presence of UV light, both natural and artificial, raises concerns about its effect on exposed skin, especially the hands.
Common Sources of UV Light Exposure for Hands
The most familiar source of UV light exposure for the hands is natural sunlight, which contains both UVA and UVB rays. Routine outdoor exposure, even while walking or driving, contributes to a cumulative dose of UV radiation over time. A specific artificial source is the UV/LED lamps used to cure gel manicures, which emit a spectrum of UV light, predominantly UVA, required to set the polish. Exposure from these nail lamps is intense during the short curing period, typically lasting only a few minutes per hand. While the risk from a single session is low, the concern arises from the repeated, long-term use of these devices over many years.
How UV Light Damages Skin Cells
UV light causes damage by interfering with fundamental structures within skin cells, primarily the DNA. When UV radiation, especially UVB, hits the skin, it can directly attack the DNA, causing the formation of pyrimidine dimers. This direct damage can lead to errors in the cell’s genetic code, resulting in mutations if repair mechanisms fail. UVA radiation, which penetrates deeper, contributes to damage by generating unstable molecules called free radicals that break down collagen and elastin fibers in the deeper skin layers. The cumulative effect of this damage is visible as photoaging, which includes premature wrinkling, loss of skin elasticity, and the development of dark spots on the backs of the hands. Beyond aging, the DNA damage increases the risk of developing skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
Practical Steps for Hand Protection
Protecting the hands involves applying physical and chemical barriers, especially when anticipating exposure to artificial UV sources. A broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher should be applied to the entire hand, including the nail beds and cuticles, 15 to 20 minutes before exposure.
Another practical measure is the use of UV-protective gloves during gel manicure sessions. These gloves are often made from fabric with a high Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating, such as UPF 50+, which blocks over 98% of UVA and UVB rays. Most protective gloves are fingerless, ensuring only the nails are exposed to the curing light while the skin on the rest of the hand is shielded. Choosing alternatives like traditional nail polish that air-dries, or certain non-UV curing polishes, eliminates the risk entirely.