Trichomoniasis, often called “trich,” is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Affecting an estimated 2.6 million people in the United States, many remain unaware of their infection due to mild or absent symptoms. This article clarifies its reporting status and outlines steps after a diagnosis.
Understanding Reporting Requirements for STDs
A “reportable disease” refers to specific health conditions that healthcare providers are required to report to public health authorities. This reporting system allows local and state health departments to track disease spread, which then report data to national agencies. Trichomoniasis is generally not a nationally reportable condition to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), unlike chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV.
The requirements for reporting trichomoniasis can differ significantly by location. While not nationally mandated, some state or local health jurisdictions may have their own specific reporting requirements. For instance, trichomoniasis is not reportable in any U.S. state, but interest in making it reportable has increased due to its prevalence. Individuals seeking information about specific reporting obligations should consult their local health department or healthcare provider.
How Public Health Tracks Diseases
Public health surveillance involves the systematic collection and analysis of health data to monitor disease trends. Diseases are designated as nationally reportable based on factors like severity, transmission potential, and overall public health impact. This surveillance helps officials identify outbreaks, understand patterns, and allocate resources.
Trichomoniasis is not nationally reportable partly because it is not life-threatening and effective treatment is readily available. Challenges with widespread, accurate diagnosis due to its often asymptomatic presentation also play a role. Public health efforts often focus on conditions where surveillance data directly informs large-scale interventions or tracks severe health threats.
Steps After a Trichomoniasis Diagnosis
Regardless of its reporting status, a trichomoniasis diagnosis requires specific actions for effective treatment and to prevent further transmission. Prompt and complete treatment, usually with antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole, is important. Take all prescribed medication, even if symptoms improve, and avoid sexual activity until treatment is finished and symptoms have resolved.
Partner notification and treatment are important to prevent reinfection and continued spread. While public health agencies typically do not manage partner services for non-reportable conditions, individuals are responsible for informing their sexual partners for testing and treatment. Retesting for sexually active women is often recommended three months after initial treatment to confirm a cure, particularly due to the high rate of reinfection. Consistent and correct condom use also remains an important prevention strategy.