Salmon are found in Minnesota, predominantly within the waters of Lake Superior and its connected tributaries. These salmon populations are largely the result of historical stocking efforts rather than being native to the region.
Salmon Species in Minnesota
Minnesota’s waters are home to several species of salmon. The most common types found are Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, and Pink salmon, all of which are Pacific salmon species introduced to the Great Lakes.
Chinook salmon, also known as King salmon, represent the largest of these species in Lake Superior. While they can exceed 10 pounds, typical catches range from 3 to 4 pounds. Coho salmon, or Silver salmon, are generally smaller, averaging between 1.5 and 3 pounds. Pink salmon, often called Humpies due to the distinctive hump males develop during breeding, are the smallest, usually weighing just over a pound. These introduced salmon species have established reproducing populations within Lake Superior and utilize its tributaries for spawning.
Where Salmon Reside
Salmon in Minnesota primarily reside in Lake Superior and its North Shore tributaries. These populations were initially established through stocking programs, with Chinook salmon first introduced in Minnesota in 1974 and Coho salmon in 1969. While stocking played a role, natural reproduction now accounts for a significant portion of the salmon caught by anglers in Lake Superior.
Salmon spend most of their lives in the expansive waters of Lake Superior, growing and maturing. As they approach sexual maturity, typically in the fall, they migrate from the lake into its tributary streams to spawn. About 60 rivers and streams in Minnesota could potentially host salmon runs, but only around 20 experience substantial runs that support angling opportunities.
Angling for Salmon
Angling for salmon in Minnesota primarily occurs in Lake Superior and its tributary rivers, offering year-round opportunities depending on the location and conditions. Popular fishing methods include trolling in the open waters of Lake Superior, especially during spring and fall when water temperatures are favorable. Shore fishing and casting in river mouths are also effective.
To fish for salmon in Minnesota, anglers must possess a valid Minnesota fishing license. Additionally, a trout and salmon stamp is required to harvest trout or salmon from designated trout streams or Lake Superior. Regulations regarding catch limits, size restrictions, and specific season dates can vary by species and location. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) provides detailed and current regulations, and anglers should consult these official sources before fishing to ensure compliance.