Poison ivy, known for causing an itchy rash, is found across Colorado. This plant contains an oily sap called urushiol, which triggers an allergic reaction upon contact.
Poison Ivy in Colorado: Where It Thrives
Western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii) is the primary species encountered in Colorado. It is well-established in specific environments throughout the state. This plant commonly thrives in riparian zones, areas along rivers and streams where moisture is consistently available.
It is also frequently found in foothills, disturbed areas like roadsides, and at lower elevations. Rocky slopes and cliff bases, as well as seeps and streamsides, provide suitable habitats. Although widespread, its presence tends to diminish at very high altitudes.
Identifying Poison Ivy
The well-known phrase “leaves of three, let it be” serves as a useful guide for identifying poison ivy. Each compound leaf consists of three individual leaflets. These leaflets can vary in appearance, sometimes having smooth edges or exhibiting toothed or notched margins. The leaves are typically green during summer but can display a reddish or bronze hue in spring and turn brilliant red in the fall.
While often described as shiny, the leaf surface can also be dull. Western poison ivy grows as a ground cover or low shrub, generally under three feet tall, but it can reach up to ten feet in some areas. Unlike some other related plants, poison ivy in Colorado does not have thorns. It may also produce small, off-white berries in late summer or early fall.
Preventing Exposure and Managing Reactions
When in areas where the plant might be present, wearing long pants, long-sleeved shirts, and gloves can provide a physical barrier against the urushiol oil. It is also advisable to wash any tools, clothing, or even pets that may have come into contact with the plant, as the oil can transfer easily and remain active on surfaces for extended periods. If exposure is suspected, washing the affected skin with lukewarm, soapy water as soon as possible, ideally within minutes, can help remove some of the urushiol.
A poison ivy rash typically appears as an itchy, red, bumpy rash, often with fluid-filled blisters. The rash usually develops within one to fourteen days of exposure, though it can take up to 21 days for those with no prior contact.
For symptom relief, cool compresses, colloidal oatmeal baths, or baths with baking soda can help soothe the itching. Over-the-counter options such as calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream may also provide comfort. While scratching should be avoided to prevent infection, oral antihistamines like diphenhydramine can help manage the itch, especially at night. Seek medical attention if the rash is severe, widespread, affects sensitive areas like the eyes or mouth, or if you experience difficulty breathing or swallowing.