Moose are present in Washington State. They have established populations, primarily in the northeastern part of the state, and their range continues to expand into other areas.
Where Washington’s Moose Reside
Moose are concentrated in the northeastern counties of Washington, particularly within the Selkirk and Kettle Mountain ranges. These areas include Pend Oreille, Stevens, Ferry, and Spokane counties, where the animals find suitable forested habitats. The landscape, characterized by a mix of coniferous and hardwood forests, provides necessary cover and forage. Moose prefer areas rich in alders, willows, and other woody vegetation, often near stream bottoms, lakes, and wetlands.
Beyond this core region, populations have been observed in the North Cascades, Okanogan, and Blue Mountains. Their expanding distribution has led to sightings in new territories, including a documented instance as far west as Mount Rainier National Park in 2022. This expansion highlights the adaptability of moose to diverse environments within the state, as they utilize areas with access to water and various plant life.
Understanding Washington’s Moose Population
Moose arrived in Washington State as early as 1929, establishing a presence during the mid-20th century. They naturally expanded their range into Washington from neighboring populations in Idaho and British Columbia, successfully colonizing the northeastern part of the state and becoming well-established by the 1970s. The subspecies found in Washington is the Shiras moose (Alces alces shirasi), smaller than those in Alaska or Canada. Adult male Shiras moose typically weigh between 850 and 1,100 pounds, while females range from 600 to 800 pounds.
Population estimates indicate a growing number of moose in Washington. Estimates include approximately 5,000 moose in the core northeastern region in 2016, and around 5,169 within a 10,513-square-kilometer area in 2018 (ranging from 3,510 to 7,034 animals). The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife continues to monitor these populations, undertaking studies to better understand their dynamics and ensure sustainable management. The overall trend shows an increase in both moose numbers and their geographic distribution across the state.
Living Alongside Moose
Coexisting with moose in Washington involves understanding their behavior and respecting their space. They are solitary animals, but their behavior can change during specific periods. For instance, cow moose with calves are particularly protective, especially in spring and summer, while bulls may exhibit aggression during the fall mating season.
Moose may perceive humans or dogs as threats, which can lead to aggressive displays. Warning signs that a moose feels agitated or threatened include laid-back ears, a lowered head, hair standing up on its neck or shoulders, or lip smacking. If a moose exhibits these behaviors, recognize them as warnings and respond appropriately. Maintaining a significant distance from moose is important, as getting too close can provoke a charge.
If you encounter a moose, avoid approaching or feeding it, and always keep dogs leashed and under control. Remaining calm and slowly backing away in the direction you came from is recommended.
Should a moose charge, run and seek cover behind a sturdy object like a large tree or a vehicle. Most moose charges are bluffs, intended to scare away perceived threats. If knocked down, curl into a ball, protect your head, and remain still until the moose departs. Understanding these behaviors and maintaining respectful distance helps ensure safe interactions.