Moose, the largest members of the deer family, are present in Michigan. While not as widespread as other wildlife, these animals inhabit specific regions of the state. Their populations remain relatively small, making sightings a special occurrence for residents and visitors alike. This article explores where Michigan moose are found and examines the factors influencing their current status.
Where Michigan Moose Roam
Michigan’s moose population primarily resides in two distinct areas within the Upper Peninsula. The largest group inhabits the western Upper Peninsula, particularly across Marquette, Baraga, and Iron counties. This region is characterized by boreal forests, wetlands, and cedar swamps, providing dense cover and aquatic vegetation for foraging and shelter.
A smaller population exists in the eastern Upper Peninsula, found in parts of Alger, Schoolcraft, Luce, and Chippewa counties, including areas around Seney National Wildlife Refuge and Tahquamenon Falls State Park. An isolated population also thrives on Isle Royale National Park, an archipelago in Lake Superior, where moose feed in inland lakes and beaver ponds during warmer months.
Understanding Michigan’s Moose Population
Michigan’s moose populations are monitored, with distinct estimates for mainland and island groups. The 2023 aerial survey in the western Upper Peninsula estimated the population between 334 and 518 moose. This mainland herd has experienced stagnant growth since 2010, hovering between 400 and 500 animals. On Isle Royale, the January 2024 estimate was 840 moose, a 14% decrease from the previous year, continuing a trend that has seen the population decline by almost 60% since its peak of over 2,000 in 2019.
Historically, moose were native to Michigan but largely disappeared by the early 20th century due to logging, overhunting, and disease. Reintroduction efforts in the 1930s were unsuccessful. However, a “Moose Lift” in the mid-1980s transported 59 moose from Ontario, Canada, to the western Upper Peninsula, establishing the current mainland herd.
Several factors influence these dynamics. Diseases like brainworm, carried by white-tailed deer, are fatal to moose, causing neurological damage. Liver fluke, another deer-associated parasite, can cause liver damage. Climate change also plays a role, with milder winters contributing to increased winter tick infestations, particularly harmful to calves. This also allows deer to expand their range northward, increasing disease transmission risk. On Isle Royale, wolf predation is a significant cause of adult moose mortality, helping to regulate the population after a period of unchecked growth.
Living Alongside Michigan Moose
Conservation and management efforts support Michigan’s moose populations. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), in collaboration with the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community and Northern Michigan University, conducts research and monitoring programs. A recent initiative involves fitting moose with GPS tracking collars to study survival rates and factors influencing population growth. Michigan has not allowed a moose hunting season for over 120 years; a hunt is recommended only if the population maintains a 3% annual growth rate.
For those hoping to observe moose, ethical viewing practices are important. Moose are solitary and can be difficult to spot, but early morning and evening hours in their preferred habitats offer the best chances. Maintain a safe distance and never disturb the animals, especially a cow with calves, as they can be unpredictable. If a moose approaches, slowly back away. If it charges, run and try to place a large object, such as a tree, between yourself and the animal. The MDNR encourages the public to report moose sightings through their online form, as this information helps biologists track distribution and understand the population better.