The term “buffalo” is often used to refer to the American Bison, which has a historical and contemporary presence in Texas. This article explores the distinctions between bison and true buffalo, traces the bison’s past in the state, details their current status, and highlights locations where they can be observed today.
Understanding Bison and Buffalo
The terms “bison” and “buffalo” are often used interchangeably, but they refer to different animals. True buffalo species, such as the African Cape Buffalo and Asian Water Buffalo, are native to Africa and Asia. These animals have large, sweeping horns, less shaggy coats, and lack the prominent shoulder hump seen in bison.
In contrast, American Bison, found in North America, possess a distinctive large shoulder hump, a massive head, and a thick, shaggy coat. Their horns are shorter and sharper than those of true buffalo. The common use of “buffalo” for American Bison originated with early French fur trappers who found similarities to the water buffalo they knew.
Historical Presence in Texas
American Bison once roamed the vast plains of Texas in immense numbers. Early Spanish explorers documented their abundance, describing them as numerous as “fish in the sea.” These animals played an important role in shaping the ecology of the plains, influencing plant growth through their grazing habits and creating wallows that collected water.
Bison were central to the lives of indigenous tribes in Texas, providing food, shelter, clothing, and tools. The 19th century brought a sharp decline due to extensive hunting, primarily for their hides, and westward expansion. Professional hide hunters decimated the southern bison herd, leading to their near extinction in Texas by 1889.
Current Status in Texas
Despite their near eradication, American Bison have made a comeback in Texas through conservation efforts. Today, managed herds exist in protected areas, though large, free-roaming wild herds like those of the past are rare. Caprock Canyon State Park is home to the Texas State Bison Herd. This herd is particularly notable as it descends from animals saved by rancher Charles Goodnight in 1878, representing a genetically significant lineage of Southern Plains bison.
The herd has since grown to around 300 individuals, inhabiting approximately 12,000 acres of the park. Beyond state parks, privately owned bison ranches across Texas contribute to the species’ presence and conservation. While true buffalo species like water buffalo are occasionally found on private farms in Texas, they are primarily raised for agricultural purposes and are distinct from the American Bison.
Viewing Bison in Texas
For those interested in observing American Bison in Texas, several public locations offer opportunities. Caprock Canyons State Park is a primary destination, where visitors can see the Texas State Bison Herd roaming freely across the park’s expansive landscape. The park provides over 90 miles of trails for hiking, biking, and horseback riding, offering ample chances for wildlife viewing.
Another location where bison can be viewed is San Angelo State Park, which also maintains a bison herd. When visiting these areas, it is advisable to maintain a safe distance from the bison, typically at least 50 yards, as they are large and powerful animals. Observing park guidelines and respecting the animals’ space helps ensure a positive experience for both visitors and the bison.