Hemorrhoids are a common condition involving swollen veins located in the lower rectum and around the anus. They can develop internally or externally, resembling varicose veins. Symptoms include discomfort, itching, pain, and sometimes bleeding.
Oral Medications for Hemorrhoids
No single “pill” universally cures hemorrhoids, but oral medications can manage symptoms systemically. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, reduce pain and inflammation for relief.
Stool softeners, like docusate sodium, increase stool water content, softening and easing passage. This reduces straining that can worsen hemorrhoids. Fiber supplements, such as psyllium husk or methylcellulose, add bulk, promoting regular, comfortable bowel movements.
Oral flavonoids or venotonics, such as diosmin and hesperidin, improve venous wall tone and reduce capillary permeability. Studies suggest they reduce symptoms like bleeding, pain, and itching.
Topical and Local Treatments
Topical treatments offer localized relief from hemorrhoid symptoms. These options come in various forms, including creams, ointments, suppositories, pads, and medicated wipes, with targeted active ingredients.
Common active ingredients include hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid reducing inflammation, itching, and swelling. Witch hazel, a natural astringent, provides soothing relief, reduces itching and burning, and can constrict blood vessels. Local anesthetics like lidocaine, pramoxine, or benzocaine temporarily numb the area, offering quick pain relief.
Some topical treatments contain phenylephrine, a vasoconstrictor that shrinks swollen blood vessels, or protectants like petrolatum and mineral oil, to soothe irritated skin. These applications alleviate discomfort, complementing oral medications.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
Beyond medications, lifestyle adjustments and home remedies are important for managing hemorrhoids and preventing recurrence. Increasing dietary fiber intake is key, as fiber softens stool, increases its bulk, and reduces straining. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are excellent fiber sources.
Adequate water consumption is equally important, as fiber needs water to work effectively; without it, stool can become hard and difficult to pass. Aiming for at least 6 to 8 glasses of water daily supports softer stools and smoother bowel movements. Regular physical activity also promotes healthy bowel function and prevents constipation.
Avoiding prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet, reduces pressure on the anal veins. Respond to the urge to have a bowel movement promptly, as delaying can make stool harder.
Soaking the anal area in a warm bath or a sitz bath for 10 to 15 minutes, two to three times daily, provides soothing relief from pain and itching. Applying ice packs for short periods also reduces swelling and pain.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many hemorrhoid symptoms can be managed at home, certain signs indicate medical attention. Persistent rectal bleeding, especially if heavy, dark, or accompanied by lightheadedness or dizziness, warrants immediate evaluation. Bleeding can be a symptom of more serious conditions, so do not assume it is from hemorrhoids without diagnosis.
Severe or worsening pain, particularly if it does not improve after a week of home treatment, warrants a doctor’s consultation. A prolapsed hemorrhoid that remains outside the anus and cannot be gently pushed back in also requires medical assessment. Additionally, any unusual changes around the anus should be examined by a healthcare provider. A doctor can accurately diagnose, rule out other issues, and recommend stronger treatments or procedures if needed.