The Surinam cherry is a small, tropical fruit native to South America, where it is commonly known by its Brazilian name, Pitanga. It is a berry that grows on a shrub or small tree. Although not a true cherry, it gained its name due to its similar size and appearance. The fruit has a history of use in traditional medicine and is valued today for its unique flavor and dense nutritional profile.
Identifying and Preparing the Fruit for Consumption
The fruit resembles a small, ribbed pumpkin, usually featuring seven to eight vertical ridges. Color indicates edibility and flavor quality, transitioning from green to orange, then red, and finally a deep, dark crimson or purplish-black when fully ripe. A ripe Surinam cherry should detach easily from the branch with only the slightest touch, and picking the fruit at this stage ensures a pleasant taste.
The fruit contains one to three large, resinous seeds that must be removed before eating, as they contribute to less desirable flavors. For raw consumption, it is recommended to slice the fruit open, remove the seeds, and then chill it for several hours. This preparation process reduces the pronounced resinous tang, resulting in a milder, sweeter, and juicier flavor.
The Distinctive Flavor Profile
The flavor of the Surinam cherry ranges from pleasantly sweet to intensely astringent. When perfectly ripe, the fruit offers a blend of sweetness with a slight acidity, sometimes compared to a mix of tropical fruits. If picked prematurely, the fruit contains a high concentration of essential oils that impart a strong, resinous flavor.
This resinous quality is sometimes described as turpentine-like, making the fruit an acquired taste for many. The dark red to nearly black varieties are the sweetest and possess the least resinous undertones compared to the bright-red types. The astringent sensation is due to these concentrated essential oils and is lessened when the fruit is cooked into jams, jellies, or preserves.
Notable Nutritional Components
The Surinam cherry provides a strong supply of antioxidants. It is a source of Vitamin C, which supports the immune system and aids in the formation of collagen for healthy skin and connective tissues. The fruit also provides Vitamin A, largely in the form of beta-carotene, which is important for maintaining good vision and strong immune function.
The vibrant colors, especially the dark red and purplish hues, signal the presence of phytochemicals like carotenoids and polyphenols. Specific carotenoids include lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and rubixanthin. These compounds function as antioxidants, helping to neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress. The fruit also contains dietary fiber, which promotes digestive regularity and helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels.