The snake plant, known scientifically as Sansevieria trifasciata or Dracaena trifasciata, is a popular houseplant due to its striking, upright foliage and remarkable hardiness. It tolerates a wide range of light conditions and requires minimal watering, making it a favorite for indoor gardeners. Despite its appeal, the snake plant is not edible. It contains toxic compounds that can cause uncomfortable symptoms if consumed by humans or animals.
Why Snake Plants Are Considered Toxic
The snake plant’s toxicity relies on a dual mechanism of chemical and physical irritants. The primary chemical compounds are saponins, which are natural plant defenses. When ingested, saponins cause direct irritation to the gastrointestinal tract.
The physical irritants are microscopic, needle-like structures called raphides, which are insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. These sharp crystals are contained within specialized cells throughout the plant tissue. When the plant is chewed, the raphides are ejected, mechanically irritating the sensitive tissues of the mouth, throat, and esophagus.
This physical irritation signals that the plant is unpalatable, often preventing the ingestion of large quantities. The combination of irritating raphides and the gastrointestinal effects of the saponins makes the plant moderately toxic. While rarely life-threatening, these compounds cause significant discomfort and adverse reactions.
Recognizing Symptoms of Ingestion
Symptoms following ingestion are typically localized and mild to moderate, appearing relatively quickly. In humans, the immediate mechanical irritation from the calcium oxalate crystals causes a burning sensation and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and throat. This localized pain is often accompanied by excessive salivation as the body attempts to flush out the irritants.
Saponins contribute to systemic symptoms, primarily affecting the digestive system. These can include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as the body tries to expel the toxic materials. These gastrointestinal symptoms are generally self-limiting, meaning they resolve on their own without extensive medical intervention.
Pets, such as dogs and cats, are susceptible if they chew on the leaves out of boredom or curiosity. In addition to vomiting and diarrhea, pet owners may notice signs like excessive drooling, pawing at the mouth, and reluctance to eat. While symptoms are usually confined to gastrointestinal distress, large ingestions can sometimes lead to lethargy or depression. The unpleasant taste and mouth irritation often cause pets to stop chewing before a truly damaging amount is consumed.
Safety Measures and Emergency Protocol
Proactive measures are the most effective way to prevent accidental ingestion. Place the plant in locations inaccessible to young children and household pets, such as high shelves or enclosed stands. For pets that jump or climb, using a room divider or choosing a non-toxic plant alternative may be safer.
If ingestion is suspected, immediate action is necessary, even without apparent symptoms. For humans, contact the national Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222. For pets, contact your local veterinarian or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center.
When calling, provide details about the person or pet, the approximate time of ingestion, and the amount consumed. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a medical professional or veterinarian. They will guide monitoring or recommend professional treatment, such as flushing the mouth with water or managing digestive upset.