The Northern Ringneck Snake, Diadophis punctatus edwardsii, is a small, common reptile found across diverse North American landscapes, from the United States into southeastern Canada. Its secretive nature often leads people to wonder about its characteristics, particularly concerning its potential danger. This article clarifies common questions about the Northern Ringneck Snake, including its venom and how to identify it.
Understanding Ringneck Snake Venom
Northern Ringneck Snakes are not considered poisonous to humans. While they do possess a mild venom, it is delivered through small, rear-facing fangs located in the back of their mouths. This venom is primarily effective for subduing their small prey, such as salamanders, earthworms, and slugs. It poses no significant threat to humans.
Bites from Northern Ringneck Snakes are rare due to their docile and non-aggressive nature. If a bite does occur, it typically results in nothing more than a minor scratch or slight irritation. The venom is too weak and the snake’s mouth too small to cause any physiological damage to humans.
Identifying the Northern Ringneck Snake
Identifying a Northern Ringneck Snake is possible through several distinct physical characteristics. These snakes are generally small and slender, typically measuring between 10 to 15 inches in length as adults. Some can reach up to 27 inches. Their bodies usually have a dull gray, black, or olive coloration, sometimes appearing bluish-gray.
The most distinguishing feature is a prominent, complete yellow or orange ring around the neck, which gives the snake its common name. Their belly is typically a bright yellow or orange, often with a row of small black spots. These snakes prefer habitats with abundant cover, often found under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and in gardens or moist woodlands. They are also sometimes found in basements.
Encountering a Ringneck Snake
Encountering a Northern Ringneck Snake generally requires no special action other than leaving it undisturbed. These snakes are shy and prefer to avoid confrontation, typically attempting to flee if approached. When threatened, they may display a unique defensive posture by coiling their tail to expose their brightly colored underside, or they might emit a musky odor. They rarely bite, even when handled.
If a rare bite occurs, it is usually superficial and does not require medical attention. Simply clean the wound with soap and water to prevent any minor infection, similar to any small cut or abrasion. Northern Ringneck Snakes play a beneficial role in their ecosystems, helping to control populations of slugs, earthworms, and small amphibians.