The distinct odor accompanying a new mattress, commonly called the “new mattress smell,” is the result of off-gassing. This phenomenon occurs when chemicals used during manufacturing convert from a liquid or solid state into gases at room temperature. This odor causes many consumers to question the safety of their indoor air quality.
The Chemical Components Causing Off-Gassing
The odor is caused by the release of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), which are carbon-based chemicals that easily evaporate into the air. These compounds are byproducts of the materials required to construct the modern mattress, particularly those containing synthetic foams. The primary source of these emissions is the polyurethane foam used in memory foam and polyfoam layers, which is manufactured using petroleum-based chemicals and blowing agents that continue to cure after production. Adhesives and glues, often used to bind multiple layers together, also contain VOCs and contribute to the initial scent. Furthermore, many mattresses are treated with chemical flame retardants, and these treatments can emit their own set of compounds. While thousands of different VOCs exist, those found in mattresses often include low-level traces of chemicals like formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene diisocyanate.
Potential Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure
For the majority of individuals, the brief exposure experienced immediately after unboxing a new mattress is not linked to severe or long-term health consequences. However, many people may experience acute, temporary symptoms due to the momentary reduction in indoor air quality. Common short-term reactions include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, and mild nausea. Sensitive populations, such as infants, children, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma, are at a higher risk. Once the mattress has aired out and the VOC concentration drops, these acute symptoms typically resolve completely.
Strategies for Reducing Odor and Exposure
Consumers can take specific actions to significantly mitigate the initial odor and reduce their exposure to VOCs. The most effective step is to air out, or “degas,” the new mattress immediately after unwrapping it from its packaging. This should be done in a well-ventilated area, preferably a room with open windows and a fan to create a strong cross-breeze. Allowing the mattress to air out for at least 24 to 72 hours before sleeping on it ensures that the majority of the concentrated VOCs are released outside the sleeping environment. Using a high-quality air purifier equipped with a carbon filter in the room can also help to actively remove airborne VOCs during the degassing process. Consumers can also look for mattresses that carry third-party certifications, such as CertiPUR-US, which verify that the polyurethane foam has been independently tested for content and emissions. This certification guarantees that the foam has low VOC emissions, below 0.5 parts per million, for improved indoor air quality.