The human heart functions as a central pump for the body’s circulatory system, moving blood throughout the body. Understanding its precise location within the chest is a common area of curiosity. A frequent question arises regarding its position relative to the sternum, also known as the breastbone.
The Heart’s Place in the Chest
The heart is located posterior to the sternum. In anatomical terms, “posterior” means towards the back of the body. This muscular organ resides within the thoracic cavity, specifically in a central compartment called the mediastinum, nestled between the lungs.
While centrally located, the heart is oriented with its apex, or pointed tip, extending to the left side of the chest. Its anterior surface lies deep to the sternum and the costal cartilages, which connect the ribs to the sternum. The heart is enveloped by a double-layered membrane known as the pericardium, which protects and positions it. Large blood vessels, such as the aorta and vena cavae, are connected to the superior surface of the heart, forming its base.
The Sternum’s Shielding Role
The sternum, a long flat bone located in the middle of the chest, safeguards the heart. Along with the ribs, it forms the front part of the rib cage, creating a bony protective shield for the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels within the chest.
The sternum’s structure provides strong protection against trauma to the chest. Its rigidity and central placement are important factors in deflecting force, reducing the risk of injury to the underlying organs.
Understanding Clinical Connections
The heart’s position behind the sternum has practical implications in several medical contexts. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), chest compressions are performed directly over the sternum. This action manually squeezes the heart between the breastbone and the spine, forcing blood to circulate throughout the body. Chest compressions are typically delivered at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, with a depth of at least 2 inches for adults.
Despite the sternum’s protective function, severe impacts to the chest can still lead to injuries affecting the heart. Understanding the anatomical relationship between the sternum and the heart is important for medical professionals during diagnostic procedures or interventions. This knowledge guides the placement of medical instruments and informs surgical approaches, guiding precise and effective care.