The Fiddle Leaf Fig (Ficus lyrata) is a popular houseplant recognized for its dramatic, large, violin-shaped leaves. While striking, this tropical plant is toxic to both people and pets if ingested or improperly handled. The sap and leaves contain compounds that cause immediate irritation upon contact, making it a plant that requires careful placement in any home.
The Substance That Causes Irritation
The Fiddle Leaf Fig’s toxicity comes from insoluble calcium oxalate crystals found throughout its structure, especially in the white, milky sap released when the plant is damaged. These microscopic, needle-shaped crystals, called raphides, are bundled within specialized plant cells. When sap contacts soft tissue or a leaf is chewed, the crystals are forcefully ejected. They physically pierce the delicate mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract, causing immediate, intense pain and localized swelling. This mechanical irritation is the plant’s primary defense mechanism.
Signs of Poisoning in Pets and People
Exposure to the Fiddle Leaf Fig’s sap or plant material causes immediate irritation in both humans and animals.
Humans who ingest a piece may experience intense pain and a burning sensation in the mouth, lips, and tongue. This irritation can quickly lead to swelling of the oral tissues and pharynx, sometimes making swallowing difficult. Gastrointestinal upset, such as stomach discomfort or indigestion, may follow if plant material is swallowed.
Pets, including cats and dogs, typically display excessive drooling almost immediately due to oral pain. Owners might observe the animal pawing at its face or mouth to alleviate the discomfort caused by the crystals. Common symptoms in pets include vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Skin contact with the milky sap can also cause localized irritation, redness, or blistering.
Handling and Placement Guidelines
Preventing exposure is the most effective way to safely coexist with a Fiddle Leaf Fig in a household environment. The plant should be situated in a location physically inaccessible to young children and household pets, such as on a high shelf or behind a barrier. Since the toxic sap is released upon damage, owners must always wear protective gloves when pruning, propagating, or wiping the leaves.
Any cuttings, fallen leaves, or discarded plant parts should be immediately collected and disposed of in a sealed container or bag. This ensures pets cannot access the material from the floor or trash, which is a common source of accidental ingestion. Regularly inspect the plant’s base for shed leaves to maintain a safe environment.
Immediate Action After Contact or Ingestion
If contact or ingestion of the Fiddle Leaf Fig is suspected, immediate action is necessary to minimize irritation. For oral exposure, thoroughly rinse the mouth with cold water to wash away any remaining sap or crystals. Giving a small amount of milk or water to drink can help soothe irritation in the mouth and throat, provided the individual or pet can swallow safely.
For skin contact, wash the affected area gently but thoroughly with soap and water to remove the sticky, irritating sap. If symptoms appear severe, such as difficulty breathing, excessive swelling, or persistent vomiting, seek professional help without delay. Contact a veterinarian immediately for pets or a regional Poison Control Center for humans to receive specific advice.