Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to alleviate various forms of pain, reduce fever, and decrease inflammation. It is available both over-the-counter and in higher strengths by prescription. Understanding the correct dosage for ibuprofen is important for safe and effective use.
Determining a Safe Ibuprofen Dose
Ibuprofen dosage depends on the milligram (mg) strength and whether it is an over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription product. Common OTC ibuprofen tablets are 200 mg. For adults and children aged 12 and older, a standard OTC dose is one or two 200 mg tablets (200 mg to 400 mg) every four to six hours.
The maximum recommended daily dose for OTC ibuprofen is 1,200 mg. Prescription strengths of ibuprofen can range from 400 mg to 800 mg per tablet. Under medical supervision, the maximum daily dose for prescription ibuprofen can reach 3,200 mg. Always read the product label carefully to confirm the strength and recommended dosage, as taking “3 ibuprofen” can mean different total amounts depending on the pill’s milligram strength.
Potential Risks of Overdosing
Taking more than the recommended dose of ibuprofen can lead to adverse effects. Higher doses can cause gastrointestinal issues like stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and indigestion. More serious gastrointestinal complications, such as stomach bleeding, ulcers, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, can occur with higher doses or prolonged use.
Ibuprofen can also impact kidney function, potentially leading to acute kidney injury. Continued use after kidney damage can lead to chronic kidney disease. Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke, especially at higher doses or with long-term use. This medication may also elevate blood pressure and worsen existing heart failure.
Recognizing When to Get Help
Recognize symptoms that might indicate an overdose or serious reaction to ibuprofen, prompting immediate medical attention. Symptoms can manifest within four hours of taking an excessive dose. These may include severe abdominal pain, nausea, persistent vomiting, or black, tarry stools, which can signal gastrointestinal bleeding.
Other signs include difficulty breathing (especially if asthma symptoms worsen), unusual drowsiness, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and blurred vision are also symptoms. If any of these severe symptoms occur, contact a poison control center or seek emergency medical services.
Who Should Be Cautious with Ibuprofen
Certain individuals should use caution or avoid ibuprofen due to increased health risks. People with a history of kidney disease or impaired kidney function are at higher risk for further kidney damage when taking ibuprofen. Similarly, those with existing heart conditions, such as high blood pressure, heart failure, or a history of heart attack or stroke, face an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Individuals with stomach ulcers, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, or bleeding disorders should avoid ibuprofen as it can worsen these conditions. People with asthma may experience worsening symptoms or allergic reactions. Those taking other medications like blood thinners, certain antidepressants, diuretics, or ACE inhibitors should consult a healthcare professional. Ibuprofen can interact with these drugs, potentially increasing side effects or reducing medication effectiveness. Older adults, particularly those over 60 or 65, are more susceptible to side effects, including gastrointestinal issues and kidney problems.