Eczema is a common skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed patches. Many individuals with eczema wonder about the impact of swimming, particularly in chlorinated pools. Understanding how pool water interacts with the skin can help manage symptoms and inform decisions about swimming activities. This article explores the relationship between swimming pool water and eczema, its effects, and practical skin care strategies.
Components of Pool Water and Skin Interaction
Swimming pools commonly use disinfectants to maintain water hygiene, with chlorine being the most prevalent. Chlorine works by oxidizing and breaking down bacteria and other contaminants, ensuring a safe swimming environment. Pool water also contains pH adjusters like sodium carbonate or muriatic acid, which maintain acidity or alkalinity within a specific range (typically 7.4-7.6). These chemicals, particularly chlorine, can interact with the skin’s natural protective barrier.
The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, contains natural oils and lipids that help retain moisture and protect against external irritants. When exposed to chlorinated water, these natural oils can be stripped away, reducing the skin’s moisture content. This can result in temporary skin dryness and a feeling of tightness. Even in people without pre-existing skin conditions, prolonged exposure to these chemicals may cause mild irritation or sensitivity.
Pool Water’s Specific Effects on Eczema
The effects of pool chemicals, such as chlorine, can be more pronounced for individuals with eczema. Eczematous skin has a compromised barrier, making it less effective at retaining moisture and protecting against irritants. When this fragile barrier is exposed to chlorine, natural oils and lipids are removed more readily, exacerbating existing dryness. This increased dryness can lead to intensified itching, a hallmark symptom of eczema.
The disruption of the skin barrier by pool chemicals also makes the skin more susceptible to irritation and inflammation. Existing eczema patches may become redder and more inflamed after swimming, potentially triggering a flare-up. Chlorine can act as an irritant on sensitive skin, leading to a stinging or burning sensation. Repeated exposure to chlorinated water can further weaken the skin barrier, making it more challenging for the skin to heal and recover.
Practical Steps for Eczema and Swimming
Individuals with eczema can take several practical steps to minimize the negative effects of swimming in chlorinated pools.
Before swimming, apply a thick layer of barrier cream, such as petroleum jelly or a ceramide-rich moisturizer, to create a protective layer on the skin. This barrier helps prevent direct contact between chlorine and skin, reducing the amount of natural oils stripped away. A brief rinse with fresh water before swimming can also help saturate the skin, making it absorb less chlorinated water.
Limit the duration of time spent in the pool, as longer exposures increase the potential for irritation.
After swimming, shower immediately with lukewarm, fresh water to rinse off residual chlorine and pool chemicals. Use a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser during this shower to remove irritants without stripping the skin further.
Following the shower, pat the skin dry gently with a soft towel rather than rubbing vigorously. Within minutes of drying, apply a generous amount of moisturizer to the entire body, especially to areas prone to eczema flare-ups.
This immediate rehydration helps replenish the skin’s moisture barrier and lock in hydration before the skin has a chance to dry out completely. Consistent moisturizing after every swim is an important part of managing eczema symptoms and maintaining skin health.
Exploring Different Swimming Environments
Beyond traditional chlorinated pools, other swimming environments offer different considerations for individuals with eczema.
Saltwater pools use salt chlorinators to produce chlorine, generally containing lower free chlorine levels than conventionally chlorinated pools. Some individuals with eczema find saltwater pools less irritating, as the water might feel softer and less drying on their skin. However, the salt itself can still be drying for some, and chlorine, even at lower levels, can still affect sensitive skin.
Natural bodies of water like oceans, lakes, and rivers present unique factors. Ocean water, with its high salt content, can sometimes have a soothing effect on certain skin conditions due to its mineral composition. However, the salt can also be drying, and potential irritants like microscopic organisms or pollutants might trigger reactions in sensitive skin. Lakes and rivers can harbor bacteria, algae, and other environmental contaminants that could irritate eczema or lead to infections.
Unchlorinated pools, often found in specialized facilities or private settings, might seem like an ideal alternative. While these pools eliminate chlorine exposure, they still require other sanitation methods, such as ozone, UV light, or alternative disinfectants, each with its own potential effects on the skin. Regardless of the environment, understanding individual skin reactions and practicing consistent post-swim care remain important for managing eczema.