Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy skin, and red patches that can sometimes blister or crust. It results from a weakened skin barrier, which makes the skin more sensitive to environmental factors and prone to moisture loss. For individuals with eczema, the question of whether swimming is beneficial or detrimental is complex, as water exposure can either soothe or irritate the skin depending on various factors.
How Different Water Types Affect Eczema
The type of water encountered during swimming significantly influences its effect on eczema-prone skin. Chlorinated pool water, a common swimming environment, can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation. This occurs because chlorine reacts with natural lipids on the skin’s surface, disrupting the skin’s protective barrier and making it more alkaline than its naturally acidic state. While some individuals with eczema find chlorine beneficial due to its antibacterial properties, similar to a diluted bleach bath, others experience increased dryness and exacerbated symptoms.
Saltwater, found in oceans, presents a varied impact on eczema. Many individuals report that ocean water can be soothing due to its mineral content, which may possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, for others, the high salt concentration can be drying, particularly as the water evaporates from the skin, potentially causing stinging if the skin is broken or cracked. Anecdotal evidence suggests saltwater can help with secondary infections often associated with eczema.
Freshwater bodies, such as lakes and rivers, lack sanitizing chemicals but can carry their own irritants. These may include bacteria, algae, or other environmental contaminants that could trigger skin reactions. Hard water, with high levels of calcium and magnesium, can also damage the skin barrier by raising its pH and making it more susceptible to irritants. The primary concern remains the potential disruption of the skin’s natural moisture barrier, already compromised in eczema.
Before You Dive In: Pre-Swim Preparation
Pre-swim preparation helps minimize potential irritation for individuals with eczema. Showering with lukewarm, fresh water before entering a pool or natural body of water hydrates the skin and reduces the amount of irritants absorbed. This saturates the skin with moisture, lessening drying effects.
Applying a thick layer of barrier cream or emollient provides a protective shield against water and irritants. This helps lock in moisture and prevent natural oils from being stripped. Petroleum jelly, moisturizing cream, or emollient cream are common options. If swimming outdoors, select a mineral-based sunscreen with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, as these physically block UV rays and are generally less irritating than chemical sunscreens.
After the Swim: Post-Exposure Care
Prompt post-swim care is essential for managing eczema symptoms. Immediately after exiting the water, shower with lukewarm (not hot) fresh water to rinse off any residual chlorine, salt, or other irritants from the skin.
Use a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser if needed, to clean the skin without causing additional dryness. Avoid harsh soaps, which strip natural oils.
After showering, gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel, rather than rubbing, to prevent friction. Apply a generous amount of moisturizer or emollient to damp skin within minutes of drying. This locks in moisture and helps restore the skin’s barrier function. Consistent moisturizing after water exposure helps counteract drying effects and supports overall skin health.
Situations Requiring Extra Caution
Increased caution or avoidance of swimming is warranted for individuals with eczema in certain circumstances. Avoid swimming during severe eczema flares, particularly when the skin is broken, weeping, or infected. Open wounds can worsen the condition, cause stinging, or lead to secondary infections.
Heavily chlorinated pools can be more irritating to sensitive skin, and observing individual skin reactions after swimming is important. If a particular water type or pool consistently triggers irritation, adjusting routines or exploring alternative swimming environments, such as those with different chemical treatments, may be beneficial. Consulting a dermatologist or healthcare professional is always recommended for personalized advice, especially if symptoms persist or worsen despite preventative measures.