Strep throat is a common bacterial infection of the throat and tonsils, caused by Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). It can lead to a sore throat, fever, and other symptoms. Understanding how this infection spreads is important for prevention.
Understanding Strep Transmission
Strep throat primarily spreads through respiratory droplets released when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, talks, or sings. While these droplets can become airborne, strep throat is not airborne like measles; the bacteria do not remain suspended in the air for long periods or travel long distances. Instead, the bacteria are more likely to settle on surfaces or be inhaled in close proximity to an infected person, typically within a few feet.
Transmission also occurs through direct contact with an infected person’s oral and nasal secretions. This includes inhaling droplets directly or touching contaminated surfaces and then touching one’s mouth, nose, or eyes. Sharing eating utensils and other personal items is another common way the bacteria can spread. The incubation period, the time between exposure and symptom development, typically ranges from two to five days.
Steps to Prevent Strep Spread
Preventing strep throat spread involves good hygiene and mindful close contact. Regular handwashing with soap and water is effective in preventing bacterial transmission. It is important to wash hands after coughing or sneezing and before eating.
Avoiding sharing eating utensils and personal items can reduce transmission risk. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, or into your upper sleeve or elbow if a tissue is unavailable. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces also helps eliminate bacteria.
How Long Strep is Contagious
A person with strep throat is most contagious when symptoms are present. Without antibiotic treatment, an individual can remain contagious for approximately two to three weeks. However, once antibiotics are started, contagiousness typically subsides within 24 to 48 hours of the first dose.
It is important for individuals diagnosed with strep throat to complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics, even if symptoms improve. Finishing the entire regimen helps eliminate bacteria, reduce recurrence, and prevent complications. After 24 hours on antibiotics and with no fever, a person is generally no longer contagious and can return to work or school.