Stinkhorn fungi are a unique group of mushrooms known for their distinctive appearance and often foul odor. These fascinating organisms frequently spark curiosity and sometimes concern among those who encounter them in gardens or natural settings. This article clarifies common questions surrounding their safety for humans and pets.
Are Stinkhorn Fungi Poisonous?
Stinkhorn fungi are not considered poisonous or toxic to humans or pets. Their consumption is not recommended due to their extremely unpleasant odor and slimy texture once mature, making them unpalatable rather than harmful.
Despite their foul smell, some species, particularly in their immature “egg” stage, are considered edible in certain cultures. For example, the “egg” of Phallus impudicus can be prepared and eaten, sometimes described as having a radish-like taste. However, consuming even these non-toxic fungi, especially mature forms, can lead to mild gastrointestinal upset like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. The main concern with stinkhorns is their pervasive, putrid smell, which aids spore dispersal, rather than severe toxicity.
Identifying Stinkhorn Fungi
Stinkhorn fungi are easily identified by several distinct characteristics, particularly their strong odor. They often begin as an “egg” stage, appearing as a white, spherical or ovoid structure, sometimes partially buried in the ground. These “eggs” have a jelly-like feel and contain the developing mushroom inside.
As they mature, stinkhorns emerge from this egg-like structure, developing into various forms, including phallic (column-like) or cage-like shapes. A defining feature of the mature fungus is a cap, known as the gleba, covered in a slimy, olive-brown substance that contains their spores. This gleba emits an intense, putrid odor, often likened to decaying flesh, rotting feces, or sewage. This powerful smell serves to attract insects, such as flies, which then help disperse the spores to new locations. Stinkhorns are commonly found in mulched areas, decaying wood, leaf litter, and lawns, thriving in moist conditions.
What to Do if Stinkhorn Fungi Are Ingested
If a human accidentally ingests stinkhorn fungi, contacting a poison control center or healthcare professional is advisable, especially if symptoms develop or concern arises. While not typically life-threatening, mild gastrointestinal upset can occur.
For pets, especially dogs, who are often attracted to the foul smell, contact a veterinarian or animal poison control center if ingestion occurs. Anecdotal veterinary evidence suggests gastric irritation in dogs after consuming stinkhorns. Monitoring for signs of discomfort or illness, such as vomiting or lethargy, is important for both humans and pets after any wild mushroom ingestion.