Spray starch is a common laundry product used to add crispness and body to fabrics during ironing. For the average consumer, it is generally considered safe when used as directed, as commercial products are manufactured under regulatory guidelines. However, the aerosol delivery system and certain chemical components mean that misuse or improper handling can pose health risks.
Deconstructing the Ingredients
The core ingredient of spray starch is typically a plant-derived carbohydrate, often corn or potato starch, mixed with water. This primary component is non-toxic and is the same substance found in food products. Toxicity concerns arise from the non-starch additives and the pressurized delivery system necessary for an aerosol product.
Commercial formulations include chemical sizing agents, preservatives, and fragrances. While these can occasionally cause mild irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, the most significant chemical concern comes from the propellants. These are gases like butane, propane, and isobutane, which force the liquid starch mixture out of the can in a fine mist.
These hydrocarbon propellants are highly volatile and flammable, posing risks regarding acute exposure and container safety. The starch solution itself is not toxic, but the combination of starch particles suspended in the air with the propellant gases creates a mixture that can affect the respiratory system.
Understanding Exposure Risks
The primary health risk associated with spray starch comes from inhaling the fine mist of starch particles and propellants. Normal use releases a low concentration of these substances that usually dissipates quickly. However, excessive or prolonged inhalation of the aerosol mist can lead to acute symptoms.
Exposure to high concentrations of the propellant gases can cause irritation to the respiratory system, potentially leading to dizziness, nausea, or coughing. In extreme misuse, such as concentrating and inhaling the contents, these gases can act as simple asphyxiants by displacing oxygen in the lungs. This type of severe overexposure can also lead to cardiac sensitization, which can result in sudden heart failure.
Secondary routes of exposure, such as skin and eye contact, are less hazardous but can still cause discomfort. Spraying the product into the eyes can result in irritation and redness, requiring immediate flushing. Prolonged skin contact may cause minor irritation or allergic reactions, especially due to the fragrances or preservatives.
Guidelines for Safe Handling
Minimizing the risk of exposure requires following simple, practical guidelines focused on managing the aerosol nature of the product. The most important step is ensuring adequate ventilation during use to prevent the buildup of starch particles and propellant gases in the air. Ironing in an open area, such as a well-ventilated room or near an open window, allows the chemical components to disperse rapidly.
Users should maintain the distance recommended on the product label, typically six to ten inches away from the fabric. This practice reduces the concentration of inhalable mist near the user’s face. Proper storage is also important because the cans contain pressurized, flammable gases.
Aerosol cans must be stored away from any heat source, open flames, or temperatures exceeding 120°F to prevent the container from rupturing. In the event of accidental eye contact, flush the eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, seeking medical attention if irritation persists. If excessive inhalation occurs, the user should immediately move to fresh air.