The use of self-tanning products has become a common way for new mothers to achieve a sun-kissed look without the risks of UV exposure. These products rely on chemicals to temporarily darken the skin, leading to questions about whether these compounds can transfer to a baby during breastfeeding. The primary concern is if the active ingredients are absorbed into the mother’s bloodstream and subsequently passed into breast milk. This article addresses the safety of sunless tanners during lactation by examining how they work and outlining necessary precautions.
How the Active Tanning Ingredient Works
The active ingredient in nearly all self-tanning formulations is Dihydroxyacetone, often referred to as DHA. This colorless, three-carbon sugar is typically derived from plant sources like sugar beets or sugar cane. When applied to the skin, DHA triggers a process called the Maillard reaction, which is the same type of non-enzymatic browning that occurs when food is cooked.
This chemical interaction occurs solely on the surface of the skin, specifically within the stratum corneum. The DHA molecules react with free amino acids found in the dead skin cells of this outermost layer. The reaction forms brown-colored pigments known as melanoidins, which mimic the look of a natural tan. Because this color change only affects the dead, shedding cells, the tan is temporary and fades naturally as the body exfoliates its surface layer.
The Risk of Internal Absorption
A major point of reassurance for breastfeeding mothers is that DHA is approved for external use and is not designed to penetrate deep into the body. The molecule’s mechanism of action confines it to the outermost layer of the skin, which consists of dead cells. Scientific studies show that systemic absorption, movement into the bloodstream, is negligible or nonexistent when DHA is applied correctly to intact skin.
Since DHA does not enter the mother’s circulatory system in any measurable amount, it cannot be transferred through the blood to the mammary glands. This means the risk of the chemical entering the breast milk is extremely low. The FDA has approved DHA for external application at concentrations up to 15%, but has not approved it for use on mucous membranes or for inhalation.
Minimizing External Contact Risks
While the risk of systemic absorption into breast milk is minimal, external contact hazards present a more practical concern during breastfeeding. The primary risk is the baby accidentally ingesting or inhaling the self-tanner product. Experts recommend avoiding the application of self-tanner to the nipple and areola area entirely.
It is also advisable to avoid applying the product to the entire breast and chest area to prevent any residue from transferring to the baby’s skin or mouth during feeding. If using a spray tan, the risk of inhaling DHA is higher, as the chemical is not approved for internal use. When applying any spray or aerosol product, the mother should ensure she is in a well-ventilated area and consider covering her nose and mouth to prevent inhalation. Before a nursing session, gently wipe the nipple and areola area with a damp cloth to remove any residual surface product and prevent accidental ingestion by the infant.
Guidance and Safer Product Choices
For those who choose to use self-tanner while nursing, opting for lotion, mousse, or cream formulations is safer than spray or mist products. This choice gives the mother greater control over the application and significantly reduces the risk of accidental inhalation for both herself and the baby. Before using any new product, a patch test is recommended, as hormonal changes during and after pregnancy can increase skin sensitivity.
Applying a small amount of the product to a discreet area of skin for 24 to 48 hours can help identify any potential allergic reactions or irritation. Mothers should also be mindful of other ingredients in the formulation, such as heavy fragrances, parabens, or formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, which may cause sensitivity. If the mother has any open wounds, cracked skin, or concerns about a pre-existing skin condition, she should consult with a healthcare provider before applying any self-tanning product.