Sampaguita and common jasmine are not the same plant, though they are botanically related. Sampaguita is the common name for Jasminum sambac, a highly fragrant, white-flowered shrub celebrated in Southeast Asia. The term “jasmine” broadly refers to hundreds of species within the same genus, including Jasminum officinale (Common Jasmine), which is a distinct species. Both are prized for their intense, sweet fragrance and hold significant cultural meaning.
The Botanical Relationship
Both Sampaguita and the many plants called “jasmine” belong to the Jasminum genus, part of the Oleaceae family (the olive family). This shared genus explains the common name and the resulting confusion. The Jasminum genus includes approximately 200 different species of shrubs and vines, all characterized by highly scented flowers.
Sampaguita is scientifically designated as Jasminum sambac, sometimes called Arabian or Asian Jasmine. This species is native to tropical and subtropical regions, likely originating in the Indian subcontinent. Other widely known species include Jasminum officinale (Common or Poet’s Jasmine) and Jasminum grandiflorum (Spanish or Royal Jasmine). These species thrive in different climates than the Sampaguita.
Key Differences in Appearance and Scent
Physical differences between J. sambac and other jasmine species appear in their growth habit, leaf structure, and flower form. Sampaguita is typically an evergreen shrub or a semi-climbing woody vine, growing up to 10 feet tall. In contrast, many common jasmines, such as J. officinale, are vigorous climbing vines. J. sambac features simple, oval, and glossy green leaves, while many other jasmine species have compound or pinnate leaf structures.
Flower Structure
Sampaguita cultivars often feature double or semi-double petals, giving them a small, rose-like or waxy appearance, and they grow in clusters. In contrast, many common jasmine flowers are single, star-shaped, and less complex in form.
Scent Profile
The scent profile also differs significantly. Sampaguita’s fragrance is heavier, sweeter, and more musky, containing a higher concentration of indoles. Other jasmines, like J. grandiflorum, tend to have a lighter, fresher, and greener aroma.
Distinct Uses and Cultural Importance
Jasminum sambac holds unique cultural importance as the National Flower of the Philippines, symbolizing purity, fidelity, and hope. It is also one of the three national flowers of Indonesia, where it is called melati putih. In both regions, the flowers are traditionally strung into fragrant garlands used for religious offerings, welcoming guests, and adorning vehicles.
Different jasmine species have specialized commercial applications globally. While J. sambac essential oil is used in perfumery and to flavor some jasmine teas, the industry often relies more heavily on J. grandiflorum for high-end perfume production. Common jasmine species are also widely cultivated worldwide as ornamental garden plants for their scent and climbing ability.