Salvia, also known as sage, is a popular genus of nearly a thousand species, valued by gardeners for its vibrant flowers and hardiness. It is a desirable addition to borders, attracting pollinators like hummingbirds and butterflies. A common concern for home gardeners is whether this plant can coexist with rabbits. Horticultural experts agree that Salvia is largely rabbit-resistant, meaning it is one of the plants rabbits are least likely to consume.
Why Salvia Deters Rabbits
Salvia’s natural defense against herbivores relies on its potent aroma and unappealing texture. As a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), Salvia foliage is rich in volatile compounds and essential oils. These oils release a pungent, distinctive odor that rabbits find highly distasteful and actively avoid. This strong fragrance acts as a chemical deterrent, signaling that the plant will not be a pleasant meal.
The resistance is also bolstered by the physical structure of the leaves. Many Salvia varieties, such as perennial sages, feature rough, hairy, or velvety textures. Rabbits prefer plants with smooth, tender foliage that is easy to ingest. The fuzzy or coarse leaf surface of Salvia is unpalatable, creating a physical barrier to feeding.
The combination of the strong, bitter taste from the essential oils and the unpleasant texture makes Salvia a low-priority food source. Rabbits seek the most nutritious and palatable options available. Salvia’s inherent characteristics ensure they bypass it for less-defended plants.
When Salvia Resistance Fails
While Salvia is highly resistant, it is not entirely rabbit-proof, and resistance can break down under specific situations. Newly planted Salvia starts are particularly vulnerable because the young tissue is softer and contains lower concentrations of defensive essential oils. A rabbit is more willing to sample a soft, immature leaf than the tough, intensely fragrant foliage of a mature plant.
Extreme environmental pressure, such as severe drought or a high local rabbit population, can override natural avoidance. When preferred food sources become scarce, a hungry rabbit will be less discriminating and may reluctantly feed on Salvia. Additionally, certain Salvia varieties bred for less intense fragrance or a more delicate leaf structure may offer reduced resistance compared to robust perennials.
Stopping Rabbits That Ignore Salvia
When rabbits ignore Salvia’s natural defenses, gardeners must use external intervention to protect their plants. The most reliable method is the use of physical barriers, which prevent access entirely.
Physical Barriers
A low fence, made of chicken wire or hardware cloth, should be at least two feet high to prevent jumping. It must also be buried several inches below the soil line to deter burrowing. For individual, newly planted Salvia, temporary cages or cylinders made of wire mesh can be used until the plant matures.
Deterrents and Habitat Modification
Taste-based deterrent sprays are another option, coating the foliage with substances rabbits find repulsive, such as capsaicin or putrescent egg solids. These sprays require reapplication, especially after rain or new growth. Habitat modification also helps by removing dense brush piles or structures near the garden that provide rabbits with safe hiding spots.